Canola oil , or canola for short, is a vegetable oil derived from low rapeseed in an eretic acid, compared with colza oil. This is also the name of the seed varieties that produce them. There are edible forms and industries that are produced from seeds from several cultivars of the Brassicaceae family, namely the cultivars of Brassica nap L., Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera , syn. B. campestris L. or Brassica juncea , also called "canola".
Oil consumption has become common in industrialized countries. This food is considered safe for people to eat, and has a relatively low amount of saturated fat, a large amount of monounsaturated fats, with a 2: 1 unsaturated fatty acid ratio. It is also used as a biodiesel source.
Video Canola
Etymology
In the 1970s, the Canadian Rapeseed Association chose the name "canola" to represent "Can" for Can there, and " ola " for oil.
Maps Canola
History
Canola is developed through conventional plant breeding of rapeseed, oil seed crops that have been used in ancient civilizations as fuels. The word "rape" in rapeseed comes from the Latin word rapum that means radish. Radish, rutabaga, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, mustard greens, and many other vegetables are associated with two commonly planted canola varieties, which are cultivars of B. deleted and B. rapa . The name change serves to distinguish it from natural rapeseed oil, which has a much higher concentration of acid in the center.
Brassica seed oil variety is some of the oldest plants cultivated by humans, with documentation of its use in India 4,000 years ago, and was used in China and Japan 2,000 years ago. Its use in Northern Europe for oil lamps is documented until the 13th century. Its use is limited to the development of steam power, when engineers find rapeseed oils attached to a better water surface and lower than other lubricants. World War II caused high oil demand as a lubricant for the rapidly increasing number of steam engines in naval vessels and merchant ships. When the war blocked rapeseed oil sources of Europe and Asia, a critical shortage developed, and Canada began to expand its limited rapeseed production.
After the war, demand dropped sharply, and farmers began to look for other uses for the plant and its products. The rapeseed oil extract was first marketed in 1956-1957 as a food product, but this suffered some unacceptable characteristics. The rapeseed oil has a distinctive flavor and an unpleasantly greenish color, due to the presence of chlorophyll. It also contains high concentrations of erucic acid. Experiments on animals have shown the possibility that erusatic acid, consumed in large quantities, can cause heart damage, although Indian researchers have published findings that question this conclusion and the implication that the consumption of mustard or rapeseed oil is dangerous. Feed food from rapeseed plants is also not particularly attractive to livestock, due to the high level of sharp taster compounds called glucosinolates.
Canola was bred from the rapeseed at the University of Manitoba, Canada, by Keith Downey and Baldur R. Stefansson in the early 1970s, having a different nutritional profile than today's oils in addition to much less acid erusat.
Varieties developed in 1998 are considered the most disease resistant canola varieties and drought to date. This variety and other new varieties have been produced using genetic engineering. In 2011, out of 31 million hectares of canola grown worldwide, 8.2 million (26%) have been genetically modified.
Canola is originally a trademark of the Canadian Pineapple Association, and its name is Can Canada's "Can" and "ola" solutions of other vegetable oils like Mazola, but is now a generic term for edible vegetable oil varieties in North America and Australia.
The definition of "canola" is codified in Canadian law . According to the Canola Council of Canada, an industry association, the "official" definition of "canola" is:
"Seeds of the genus Brassica (Rapeseed, Brassica rapa or Brassica juncea) from which the oil should contain less than 2% of the erucic acid in its fatty acid profile and the solid component must contain less than 30 micromol from one or a mixture of 3-butenyl glucosinolate, 4-pentenyl glucosinolate, 2-hydroxy-3 butenyl glucosinolate, and 2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl glucosinolate per gram of oil-free, oil-free solids. "
Production and trade
By 2014, the world's rapeseed production is 73.8 million tons, led by Canada and China which account for 41% of the world's total. India, Germany, and France also have significant production. Of the 15.6 million tonnes grown, Canada - the world's largest exporter - exports 45% of this production.
The benchmark price for worldwide canola trade is the ICE Futures Canada (formerly Winnipeg Commodity Exchange) canola futures contract.
Canola oil
Canola oil is made in a processing facility with little heating and then destroying the seeds. Almost all commercial canola oil is then extracted using recovered hexane solvent at the end of processing. Finally, canola oil is purified by deposition of water and organic acids to remove gums and free fatty acids, filtering for color removal, and deodorizing using steam distillation. The average density of canola oil is 0.92 g/ml.
Cold pressed canola oil and expeller are also produced more limitedly. Approximately 44% of the seeds are oil, and the rest as canola food is used for animal feed. Around 23 kg (51 lb) of canola seeds make 10 o L (2.64 US gal) of canola oil. Canola oil is the main ingredient in many foods. Its reputation as a healthy oil has created a high demand in markets around the world, and overall it is the third most consumed vegetable oil.
Oil has many non-food uses and, like soybean oil, is often used interchangeably with non-renewable oil-based oils in products, including industrial lubricants, biodiesel, candles, lipsticks, and newspaper inks, depending on the price in place. market.
Canola certified vegetable oils that are certified organic must come from non-GMO rapeseed.
Health information
In 2006, canola oil was eligible health claims by the US Food and Drug Administration to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, resulting from a significant content of unsaturated fats that lower cholesterol; the claims allowed for the food label stated:
"Limited and inconclusive scientific evidence suggests that eating about 1 Ã,½ tablespoons (19 grams) of canola oil daily may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease due to the unsaturated fat content in canola oil.To achieve this possible benefit, canola oil is replacing the same amount of saturated fat and not increasing the total number of calories you eat in a day.A portion of this product contains [x] grams of canola oil. "
The 2013 review, sponsored by the Canola Council of Canada and the US Canola Association, concluded there was a substantial reduction in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and increased tocopherol levels and increased insulin sensitivity, compared with others. source of dietary fat. A review of the health impact of 2014 from consuming alpha-linolenic acid-rich vegetable oils, including canola, suggests that there is a moderate benefit for the risk of lower cardiovascular, fracture, and type-2 diabetes.
Regarding individual components, canola oil is low in saturated fat and contains omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids with a ratio of 2: 1. It is high in monounsaturated fats, which can lower the risk of heart disease.
Erusat acid problem
Although wild radish oil contains large amounts of erusatic acid, cultivars used to produce commercially, canola-grown grade foods contain less than 2% of erucic acid, an amount considered insignificant as a health risk. To date, no health effects have been attributed to the consumption of human-centric acid diet; but the erectic acid metabolism test in other species implies that higher levels can be detrimental. Canola oils produced using genetically modified crops have not been proven to explicitly produce any adverse effects.
The content of erucic acid in canola oil has been reduced for years. In western Canada, the reduction occurred from a 0.5% content average between 1987 and 1996 to current content of 0.01% from 2008 to 2015. Other reports also show content lower than 0.1% in Australia and Brazil.
Canola oil poses no unusual health risks, and its consumption in food forms is generally recognized as safe by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Biodiesel
Europe has invested heavily in infrastructure to use canola oil for biodiesel, fueled by EU biodiesel policy initiatives.
Comparison with other vegetable oils
Concerns about genetic modification
A rapeseed herbicide-tolerant genetics was first introduced to Canada in 1995 (Canola Roundup Ready). In 2009, 90% of Canadian plants were tolerant of herbicides. In 2005, 87% of canola grown in the US were genetically modified. A 2010 study conducted in North Dakota found transgen-glycosate or glufosinate-resistance in 80% of wild rapeseed plants, and some plants that are resistant to both herbicides. The genetically modified release of plants has raised concerns that the accumulation of herbicide resistance in wild canola can make it more difficult to manage this plant using herbicides. But one of the researchers agrees that "wild populations can become established after trucks carry GM seeds cultivated spilling some of their cargo during transport." He also notes that GM canola results they find may be biased as they are only sampled along the sides of the road.
In 2016, a company introduced into the US and Canada, a canola-tolerant varieties of sulphonylurea herbicide developed using a natural oligonucleotide repair mechanism of canola and targeting glyphosate resistance. They claim that it is non-GMO since no foreign genes are introduced and it is indistinguishable from varieties naturally developed by plant breeding.
Legal issues
Legal issues include whether some countries allow genetically modified canola to be planted, and litigation between farmers and patent holders.
Rule
There are several forms of genetic modification, such as herbicides (glyphosate and glufosinate, for example) of different tolerances and qualities in canola oil. Regulations vary from country to country; for example, retained glyphosate canola has been approved in Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Philippines, and the US, while Laurical, products with different oil compositions, has been approved to grow only in Canada and OUR.
In 2003, Australian gene regulator technology approved the release of genetically modified canola to make it resistant to glufosinate ammonium, herbicide. The introduction of genetically modified crops to Australia has caused much controversy. Canola is Australia's third largest plant, and is often used by wheat farmers as a rest crop to improve soil quality. In 2008, the only genetically modified crops in Australia were canola, cotton, and carnations.
Litigation
Genetically modified canola has been the point of controversy and controversial legal battles. In one high-profile case (Monsanto Canada Inc. v. Schmeiser), Monsanto Company sued Percy Schmeiser for patent infringement after he replanted the canola seed he harvested from his field, which he found contaminated with a patented Monsanto-tolerant glyphosate tolerant canola. with glyphosate, leaving only a resistant plant. The Supreme Court ruled that Percy infringed Monsanto's patents because he consciously replanted the resistant seed that he had harvested and also charged more than $ 200,000 for Schmeiser, but he was not required to pay Monsanto's compensation for not obtaining financial gain from his company. presence. On March 19, 2008, Schmeiser and Monsanto Canada Inc. came to an out-of-court settlement where Monsanto would pay for the contamination cleaning fee, which totaled C $ 660.
See also
- Colza oil
- List of canola diseases
- Triangle U
References
External links
- USDA-ERS Topics - Canola canola production, trade and consumption summary and links to relevant USDA reports.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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