Forge is a type of fireplace used to heat metal, or workplace ( smithy ) where such a furnace is located. Forge is used by a blacksmith to heat a piece of metal to a temperature where it becomes more easily formed by forging, or to the point where work hardening is no longer the case. The metal (known as "workpiece") is transported to and from the forge using tongs, which is also used to hold the workpiece on the blacksmith while the blacksmith works with a hammer. Sometimes, such as hardening steel or cooling the work so that it can be handled empty-handed, the workpiece is transported to a sagging tub, which quickly cools the workpiece in a large body of water. However, depending on the type of metal, it may require oil extinguishers or salt water salts instead; many metals require more than ordinary water hardening. The sagging tub also provides water for controlling the fire in the workshop.
Video Forge
Type
Coal/coke/charcoal forge
Forge usually uses bituminous coal, industrial coke or charcoal as a fuel to heat the metal. The design of this forge varies over time, but whether fuel is coal, charcoal or charcoal, the basic design remains the same.
This type of blow is basically a fireplace or fireplace designed to allow fire to be controlled such that the metal put into fire can be brought to a soft state or to other metallurgical effects (hardening, annealing, and tempering as examples). The workshop fire in this type of workshop is controlled in three ways: the amount of air, the volume of fuel, and the fuel/fire form.
For thousands of years of forging, this device has evolved in one form or another as an important feature of this type of forging:
- Tuyere - the pipe where air can be forced into the fire
- Bellow or blower - a means to force air into the tuyere
- Hearth - the place where burning fuel can be contained above or against the opening of the tuyere. Traditionally the furnace has been built from brick mud (brick), fire brick, stone, or newer, made of iron.
During operation, the fuel is placed in or in the furnace and ignited. A moving air source, such as a fan or bellows, puts extra air into the fire through the tuyere. With additional air, the fire consumes more fuel and burns more heat (and cleaner - smoke can be considered as potential fuel that passes.
A blacksmith balances fuel and air in a fire to fit a particular type of work. Often this involves the adjustment and maintenance of fire forms.
In forging a typical coal, a firearm will center on a flat fireplace. Tuyere will go into the fireplace at the bottom. In operation, the hot core of the fire will be a burning coke ball inside and above the fireplace. The heart of the fire will be surrounded by a hot but not burning coke layer. Around an unburned coke would be a transitional layer of coal converted to coke by the heat of the flame. Around it is a layer of coal in the form of a ring or horseshoe, usually kept wet and solid to maintain the shape of a fire heart and to keep the coal from burning immediately so that it "cooks" into the coke first.
If a larger fire is needed, the blacksmith increases the air flowing to the fire as well as feeds and deepens the heart of the coke. The blacksmiths can also adjust the length and width of the fire in forging in such a way as to accommodate various forms of work.
The main variations of the workshop and the newly described fire are the 'back draft' where there is no fire furnace, and tuyere enters the fireplace horizontally from the back wall.
Coke and charcoal can be burned in the same forge that uses coal, but since there is no need to convert raw fuel in the heart of fire (like coal), fire is handled differently.
Individual blacksmiths and special applications have fostered the development of various types of forge of this type, ranging from the coal seams described above, to a simpler construction that has a hole in the ground with a pipe leading into it.
Forging gas
Gas blows usually use propane or natural gas as fuel. One common and efficient design uses a cylinder forge space and an incendiary tube mounted at right angles to the body. This space is usually coated with refractory materials such as ceramic fireproof ceramic or soft ceramic thermal blanket (ex: Kaowool). The burner mixes fuel and the air is turned on at the end, which juts slightly into the layers of space. Air pressure, and therefore heat, can be increased with a mechanical blower or by taking advantage of the Venturi effect.
Forging gases of various sizes and constructions, from large forges that use large burners with blowers or some atmospheric burners to forge a built of coffee can use cheap and simple propane torches. A small workshop can even be carved from soft, fireproof bricks.
The main advantage of gas forge is the ease of use, especially for beginners. Gas forge is easy to operate compared to coal, and the fire produced is clean and consistent. They are less versatile, because fire can not be reshaped to accommodate large or extraordinary pieces of shaped; Also difficult to heat a small part. A common misconception is that forge gas can not produce enough heat to allow for welding, but a well designed gas hammer is hot enough for any task.
Forged false
Fake seasoning is a water-powered plant in which crude iron is refined into wrought iron.
Maps Forge
Forging equipment
Anvil
Anvil serves as a work bench to the blacksmith, where the forged metal is placed. Anvils may look thick and heavy, but they are very delicate tools that are carefully crafted to meet the needs of the blacksmith. Anvil made of cast or wrought iron with steel tool surfaces welded on or from one part of cast or tool steel forged. Some of the foundations are made of only cast iron, and do not have face steel tools. This is not a real foundation, and it will not serve such blacksmiths because it is too soft. The general term for a cast iron foundation is "ASO" or "Anvil Shaped Object". The purpose of a tool steel facing the runway is to provide what is called a "Rebound" as well as being hard and not easily scratched from a misplaced hammer blow. The term rebound means projecting some of the power of a smith hammer back into the metal so that it removes more metal at once than if there was no rebound. A good foundation can project 50 to 99% of energy back into the workpiece. The flat top, called "face" is very polished and usually has two holes (but can have more or less depending on the design). The square hole is called a hard hole, where the square shank of the powerful tool fits. There are many types of hardy tools. Smaller holes are called pritchel holes, used as bolsters when perforated hot metal, or to store tools similar to the workings of the machine, but for tools that require the ability to alter 360-degree angles such as pressing tools for when a blacksmith can not hold workpiece safely. On the front of the runway sometimes there are "horns" used to bend, pull out steel, and many other tasks. Between the horns and the runway face there is often a small area called the "step" or "cutting table" used for cutting hot or cold steel with chisels, and a heat cut tool without damaging anvil's face. Signs on facial transfers become imperfections in the work of the blacksmith.
Hammer
There are many types of hammers used in blacksmith workshops, but these will only mention a few of the common ones. The hammer can vary in shape and weight from half an ounce to nearly 30 pounds depending on the type of work performed with it.
- Hand hammer - used by blacksmith.
- Ball-peen hammer
- Cross-peen hammer
- The hammer is straight
- Rounding hammers
- Sledge hammer - used by strikers.
Chisel
The chisel is made of high carbon steel. They harden and anger on the spearhead while the head is left soft so it will not crack when hammering. Chisel has two types, hot and cold chisel. The cold chisel is used to cut the cold metal while the chisel is hot to hot metal. Usually the heat chisel is thinner and therefore can not be replaced with a cold chisel. Also many chisels are hammered as they have simple bent handles to resemble a hammer, they can be used at longer distances than hot metal. They are very useful and are found all over the world.
Brace
The brace is used by the blacksmith to hold the hot metal safely. Its mouth is specially made by the blacksmith in various shapes that match the grips of various forms of metal. Not infrequently a blacksmith has two or more pair of tongs; Traditionally, a blacksmith will begin to build their collections during an internship. There are different types of clamps available on the market. (1) flat clamp (2) rivet or clip ring (3) bend of tongue straight grooved (4) tong gad
Fuller
Fuller forms a tool with different shapes used in making grooves or holes. They are often used in pairs, the full underside has a square shank that matches the hardy hole in the runway while the full top has a handle. The work is placed at the bottom full and the top is placed on the job and beaten with a hammer. The upper fuller is also used to complete rounded corners and to stretch or spread the metal.
Hardy
A tough tool is a tool with a square shank that fits in a sturdy hole. There are many types of hardy tools such as hot cut hardy, which are used to cut the hot metal on the runway; a more complete tool, used for drawing metal and making grooves; bending jigs - and too many others to list.
Squal
A slack tub is usually a large, water-filled container used by a blacksmith to extinguish hot metal. Slack basins are basically used to cool parts of the work during forging (to protect them, or keep the metal in one area from "spreading" from, for example, a nearby hammer blow); to steel; to tend to forge coal or charcoal; and just to cool the work quickly for easy review. In smithing blades and tools that make this term will usually be converted into "quench tanks" because oil or brine is used to cool the metal. The term slack is believed to derive from the word "slake", as in breaking the heat.
Forging type
Drop forging
Drop forging is a process used to make the metal into a complex form by dropping a heavy hammer with a dice to his face to the workpiece.
Process
Workpiece placed into workshop. Then the impact of the hammer causes the heated material, which is very easily formed, to adjust to the shape of the dice and the dead cavity. Usually only one die is required to fully form a part. The extra space between the dead surfaces causes some material to be pushed out of the sides, forming flashes. It acts as a relief valve for the extreme pressure generated by the closing of the dead beak and then trimmed from the finished part.
Tools
The equipment used in the decomposition process is generally known as power or dropping the hammer. This may be supported by air, hydraulics, or mechanics. Depending on how the machine is turned on, the ram's mass, and the falling height, the hitting power can range from 11,000 to 425,000 pounds. The tools used, die and punch, come in different shapes and sizes, as well as materials. Examples of these forms are flat and v-shaped to be used for forging-forging, and single or multiple prints are used to cover forgings. Designs for dies have many aspects for those to be considered. They must all be properly aligned, they must be designed so that the metal and flash will flow well and fill all the grooves, and special consideration must be made to support the webs and ribs and the location of the farewell line. The ingredients should also be chosen carefully. Some factors that go into material selection are cost, their ability to harden, their ability to withstand high pressure, heat abrasion, heat cracking, and other such things. The most common materials used for tools are carbon steel and, in some cases, nickel-based alloys.
Material workpiece
The materials most commonly used in forging are aluminum, copper, nickel, mild steel, stainless steels, and magnesium. Mild steel is the best choice, and magnesium generally underperforms as falling forging material.
Gallery
Photography
In art
See also
References
External links
- Forging Magazine - All issues are available online for free.
- ERC/NSM, the metal forming research organization at The Ohio State University
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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