Malassezia (formerly known as Pityrosporum ) is a genus of mushrooms. Malassezia is naturally found on the skin surface of many animals, including humans. Sometimes opportunistic infections, some species may cause hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation of the trunk and other sites in humans. An allergy test for this fungus is available.
Video Malassezia
Nomenklatur
Due to the progressive changes in their nomenclature, some confusion exists about the naming and classification of the yeast species of Malassezia . Working on this yeast has been complicated because they need special growth media and grow very slowly in the laboratory culture.
Malassezia was originally identified by the French scientist Louis-Charles Malassez at the end of the 19th century. Raymond Sabouraud identified the dandruff-causing organism in 1904 and called it "Pityrosporum malassez", respecting Malassez, but at the species level that goes against the genus level. When it is determined that the organism is the same, the term "Malassezia" is judged to have priority.
By the mid-20th century, it was reclassified into two species:
- Pityrosporum (Malassezia) ovale , which depends on the lipid and is found only in humans. P. ovale is then divided into two species, P. ovale and P. orbiculare , but current sources consider this term to refer to one species of mushroom , with M. furfur the preferred name.
- Pityrosporum (Malassezia) pachydermatis , which is lipophilic but not dependent on lipids, is found in the skins of most animals.
In the mid-1990s, scientists at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, discovered additional species.
Saat ini ada setidaknya 14 spesies yang diakui:
- M. caprae
- M. cuniculi
- M. dermatis
- equine
- M. furfur
- M. globosa
- M. japonica
- M. nana
- M. obtusa
- M. pachydermatis
- M. membatasi
- M. slooffiae
- M. sympodialis
- M. yamatoensis
Maps Malassezia
Peran dalam penyakit manusia
Identification of Malassezia on the skin has been aided by the application of molecular or DNA-based techniques. This investigation suggests that the species of Malassezia causing most human skin diseases, including the most common cause of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, is M. globosa (although M. restricta is also involved). Tinea versicolor skin rash (pityriasis versicolor) is also caused by infection by this fungus.
Because the fungus needs fat to grow, the fungus is most commonly found in areas with many sebaceous glands: on the scalp, face, and upper part of the body. When the fungus grows too fast, the natural renewal of the cell is disturbed and dandruff appears with itching (a similar process can also occur with fungi or other bacteria).
A project in 2007 sequenced the root cause genome of Malassezia globosa and found it had 4,285 genes. M. globosa uses eight different lipase types, along with three phospholipases, to break oil on the scalp. One of these 11 proteins will be a suitable target for dandruff medicines.
M. globosa has been predicted to have the ability to reproduce sexually, but this has not been observed.
Numbers
The number of specimens M. globosa on the human head can reach ten million.
Treatment of symptomatic scalp infection
Symptomatic scalp infection is often treated with selenium disulfide, zinc pyrithione, or ketoconazole containing shampoos.
There are some natural antifungal drugs for seborrheic dermatitis including garlic, onion, coconut oil, apple cider vinegar, tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia oil), honey, and Cinnamic acid.
References
External links
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M Shams Ghahfarokhi; M. Razzaghi Abyaneh (March 2004). "Rapid Identification of Malassezia furfur from Other Malassezia Species: Major Cause Agent of Pityriasis Versicolor" (PDF) . IJMS . 29 (1). Archived from the original (PDF) in 2012-04-25. - Noble SL, Forbes RC, Stamm PL (July 1998). "Diagnosis and management of generalized tinea infections". Doctor Am Fam . 58 (1): 163-74, 177-8. PMID 9672436.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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