PetrÃÆ'³leo Brasileiro SA - Petrobras , better known as just Petrobras ( Portuguese pronunciation: Ã, [? P? T? O'b? As] ), is a semi-public Brazilian multinational company in the petroleum industry headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Company name translates to Brazilian Petroleum Corporation - Petrobras .
The company is ranked # 58 in the latest Fortune Global 500 list.
Video Petrobras
Current operation
Business area
The Company operates in six business areas, listed in revenue order:
- Purification, transport and marketing - refining, logistics, transportation, trading operations, oil products and crude oil exports and imports and petrochemical investments in Brazil
- Exploration and production - crude oil, NGL and natural gas exploration, development and production in Brazil
- Distribution - distribution of oil, ethanol, biodiesel and natural gas products to wholesalers and through retail network Petrobras Distribuidora S.A. in Brazil
- Gas and electricity - transport and trade of natural gas and LNG, and power generation and trade, and fertilizer business
- International - exploration and production of oil and gas, refining, transportation and marketing, distribution and gas and power operations outside Brazil
- Biofuels - biodiesel production and its products and ethanol related activities such as equity investments, production and trade of ethanol, sugar and excess electricity generated from bagasse sugarcane
Production and backup
Petrobras controls significant oil and energy assets in 16 countries in Africa, North America, South America, Europe and Asia.
However, Brazil represents 92% of Petrobras production worldwide by 2014 and accounts for 97% of Petrobras reserves worldwide on December 31, 2014, when the company has 8,112.8 million barrels of oil equivalent (4,9633 ÃÆ' - 10 10 GJ) proven reserves and 4.599.7 million barrels of oil equivalent (2.8140 10 GJ) proved not yet growing reserves in Brazil. Of these, 62.7% are located in the Campos Basin offshore. The biggest growth prospect for the company is the Lula oil field in the Santos Basin.
By 2015, the company produces 2,284 million barrels of oil equivalent (13,970,000 GJ) per day, of which 89% is petroleum and 11% is natural gas.
International investment
Reserves held outside of Brazil account for 8.4% of production by 2014. The majority of these reserves are in South America; the company has assets in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Petrobras has a refinery in Texas (100,000 barrels per day throughput), Okinawa, Japan (100,000 barrels per day throughput), and BahÃa Blanca, Argentina (30,000 barrels per day throughput).
The company also has exploration blocks in the Gulf of Mexico and through a joint venture having production in Nigeria, Benin, Gabon, and Namibia.
Ownership
The Brazilian government directly owns 54% of Petrobras common shares with voting rights, while Brazil's Brazilian Development Bank and the Brazilian State Asset Fund (Fundo Soberano) each control 5%, bringing the country's direct and indirect ownership to 64%. Owned shares are privately traded in BM & amp; F Bovespa, where they are part of the Ibovespa index.
Petrobras is a major supporter of art in Brazil.
Refineries
- Northern Region REMAN - Isaac SabbÃÆ'¡ Refinery - Manaus (Amazonas) - 46,000 bpd
- Northeast Region
- RLAM - Alves Refinery Landulpho - SÃ £ o Francisco do Conde (Bahia) - 323,000 bpd
- RPCC - Potiguar Clara Refinery - GuamarÃÆ'Â © (Rio Grande do Norte) - 37 700 bpd
- LUBNOR - Lubricants and Petroleum Derivatives from the Northeast - Fortaleza (State of Ceará) - 8,000 bpd
- Southeast Region
- REGAP - Gabriel Passos Refinery - Betim (Minas Gerais) - 150,000 bpd
- REPLAN - Refinery of PaulÃÆ'nia - PaulÃÆ'nia (SÃÆ' Â £ o Paulo) - 415Ã,000 bpd
- REVAP - Henrique Lages Refinery - SÃÆ'  £ o JosÃÆ'  dos Campos (SÃÆ'  £ o Paulo) - 252Ã, 000 bph
- RPBC - President Bernardes Refinery - CubatÃÆ'Â £ o (SÃÆ' Â £ o Paulo) - 178,000 bpd
- REKAM - Capuava Refinery - Mauá (SÃÆ' Â £ o Paulo) - 53,000 bpd
- REDUC - Duque de Caxias Refinery - Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro) - 239,000 bpd
- Southern Region
- REPAR - President Getúlio Vargas Refinery - Araucária (Paraná) - 207,563 bpd
- REFAP - Alberto Pasqualini's Refinery - Canoas (Rio Grande do Sul) - 201b 280 bpd
- Leave Brazil
- EliÃÆ'§abe - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - 31Ã,200 bpd
- San Lorenzo - San Lorenzo (Argentina) - 37.700 bpd
- Del Norte Refinery - Salta (Argentina) - 28,975 bpd
- Pasadena Refinery System Inc - Pasadena (United States) - 106.000 bpd
- Okinawa - Okinawa Island (Japan) - 100,000 bpd
- In Speed ​​â € <â €
live-action movie, one of the cars featured is "Green Energy", a petrobras-sponsored biodiesel-fueled race car. - Petrobras sponsors SÃÆ' Â © rie A.
- Petrobras is a secondary sponsor for the AT & amp Team T WilliamsF1 from 1998 to 2008 and signed again with Williams F1 from 2014 onwards. From 2018, Petrobras leaves Williams and joins McLaren.
- Petrobras sponsors Clube de Regatas do Flamengo in Brazil from 1984 to 2009.
- The sauropod dinosaur Petrobrasaurus is named after this company.
- Brazilian History (1945-1964)
- Eletrobras
- H-Bio
- Ethanol fuel in Brazil
- Petrobras 36 Oil Platform
- Petrosix
- Transpetro
- Oil Field Tupi
- Walter K. Link
- Brazil-China Relations
- Official website
- Petrobras News Agency
- Petrobras Magazine
Maps Petrobras
History
Corporate milestone
Petrobras was created in 1953 under the rule of Brazilian president, GetÃÆ'ºlio Vargas under the slogan "The Oil is Ours" (Portuguese: "O petrÃÆ'³leo ÃÆ' nosso"). It was given a legal monopoly in Brazil. In 1953, Brazil produced only 2,700 barrels of oil per day. In 1961, the company's REDUC refinery began operating near Rio de Janeiro, and in 1963, the Cenpes research center opened in Rio de Janeiro; remains one of the largest centers in the world dedicated to energy research. In 1967, the company founded Petrobras Quimica S.A ("Petroquisa"), a subsidiary that focuses on petrochemical and conversion of naphtha to ethene.
Petrobras began processing oil shales in 1953, developing Petrosix technology to extract oil from oil shale. It started using industrial size retorts to cultivate flakes in the 1990s. In 2006, Petrobras said that their industrial retort has the capacity to process 260 tons/hour of oil shale.
In 1994, Petrobras placed Petrobras 36, the world's largest oil platform, into service. It sank after the explosion in 2001 and completely disappeared. In 1997, the government approved the Law N.9.478, which broke the Petrobras monopoly and enabled competition in the Brazilian oil field, and also created the national oil agency AgÃÆ'ªncia Nacional do PetrÃÆ'³leo (ANP) responsible for regulation and supervision of the petroleum industry, and the National Council of Energy Policies, a public body responsible for developing public energy policies. In 1999, the National Petroleum Agency signed an agreement with another company, ending the company's monopoly.
In 2000, Petrobras set a world record for oil exploration in deep waters, reaching a depth of 1,877 meters (6,158 feet) below sea level. In 2002, Petrobras acquired Argentina's Perez Companc EnergÃÆ'a (PECOM EnergÃÆ'a S.A.) from Perez Companc Family Group and its family foundation for $ 1.18 billion. The acquisition includes assets in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, 1.1 billion barrels of crude oil reserves and production of 181 million barrels of oil equivalent (1,110,000 GJ) per day.
In 2005, Petrobras announced a joint venture with Nippon Alcohol Hanbai to sell Brazilian ethanol to Japan, called Brazil-Japan Ethanol. On April 21, 2006, the company started production on an oil platform p-50 on the Albacora East field in Campos Basin, which makes Brazil self-sufficient in oil production. In November 2015, the company has raised $ 128 billion in debt, 84% of foreign currency denominated in foreign currency.
Production
In 1961, Petrobras geologist Walter K. Link published a Link memorandum, which implies that the company better explore offshore rather than on land. In 1963, Petrobras invented the oil fields of RecÃÆ''ncavo baiano and CarmÃÆ'³polis.
The growth of the company was halted by the 1973 oil crisis. The whole country was affected, and the "Brazilian miracle", the period when annual GDP growth exceeded 10%, ended. Petrobras is almost bankrupt. In 1974, the company discovered an oil field in the Campos Basin. These findings improve their finances and help to restructure nationally. In 1975, the Brazil Government temporarily allowed foreign operators to Brazil, and Petrobras signed an exploration contract with a foreign company for oil fields in Brazil.
The company was affected by the 1979 energy crisis, though not as bad as 1973.
In 1997, Petrobras achieved a production milestone of 1 million barrels (160,000 m 3 ) per day. The Company also entered into agreements with other Latin American governments and started operations outside Brazil.
In 2003, on its 50th anniversary, Petrobras surpassed 2 million barrels of oil equivalent (12,000,000 GJ) of daily production. On May 1, 2006, after the Bolivian gas conflict, Bolivian President Evo Morales announced the nationalization of all oil and gas fields in the country and ordered the occupation of all fields by the Bolivian Army. On May 4, 2006, Petrobras canceled future large investment plans in Bolivia as a result. The Bolivian government demanded an increase in royalty payments from foreign oil companies to 82%, but ultimately set for a 50% royalty interest.
In 2007, Petrobras inaugurated the Petrobras 52 Oil Platform. The 52 is Brazil's largest and third largest oil platform in the world.
In 2007 and 2008, Petrobras made several major oil discoveries including the Lula oil field (formerly known as Tupi field), Jupiter field, and Sugar Loaf field, all in the Santos Basin, 300 km off the coast of Rio de Janeiro. The oil fields were discovered by a partnership that included Petrobras, Royal Dutch Shell, and Galp Energia. However, estimates for reserves of these new fields vary widely.
The P-51 platform, the first semisubmersible platform built entirely in Brazil, is capable of producing up to 180,000 barrels of oil a day, commenced production at Campos Basin in January 2009, and in February 2009, China agreed to lend Petrobras US $ 10 billion in exchange for supplies 60,000-100,000 barrels of oil per day to a subsidiary of Sinopec and 40,000-60,000 barrels of oil per day to PetroChina. In August 2009, Petrobras acquired Esso's assets of ExxonMobil in Chile for US $ 400 million.
In September 2010, Petrobras completed a $ 70 billion stake offering, the largest share offering in history, to be used to develop a newly discovered oil field.
In 2012, Petrobras handed over permission to explore offshore in New Zealand.
In July 2013, workers' strike action stopped production on some of the company's oil platforms. In September 2013, Petrobras sold eleven blocks of exploration and ground production in Colombia to Perenco for US $ 380 million. In September 2013, OrganizaÃÆ'§ÃÆ'Âμes Globo reported on national television that the US government has been spying on Petrobras. This information was reportedly provided by US journalist Glenn Greenwald. Petrobras announced that it has invested R $ 21 billion over five years to improve its data security.
In 2014, the company sold its assets in Peru to PetroChina for US $ 2.6 billion. Also in 2014, Petrobras set a new company record for daily production of an average of 2,863 million barrels of oil equivalent (17,520,000 GJ).
In 2014, the biggest corruption scandal in Brazilian history was found centered around Petrobras. Initially the investigation was not focused on Petrobras executives but rather a small time doleiros black market money trader. These money launders tend to use small businesses to run their businesses but the investigation found a connection with an executive at Petrobras, Paulo Roberto Costa, director of refining and supply. President Dilma Rousseff made an important change in policy, the introduction of bargain pleas, making it possible to offer deals as an exchange of information leading to further arrests. That was the decisive moment of the investigation. Costa later admitted that he and his associates consciously paid more for the contract, channeling the excess funds into personal accounts. Paulo Costa accepts 3% bribe in all contacts. According to the investigation, a small number of Petrobras officials colluded with an organized cartel of 16 companies to overcharge Petrobras for construction works and services in exchange for bribes and bribes. Petrobras officials set a total of all bribes at nearly $ 3 billion. As of August 2015, 117 indictments had been issued, five politicians were arrested, and criminal cases were filed against 13 companies. Both Dilma Rousseff, who pledged to cut corruption in his election campaign, and former Brazil president Luiz InÃÆ'¡cio Lula da Silva served on the board of directors of Petrobras during the scandal and both were blamed, and lower house president Eduardo Cunha. Cunha was sentenced in March 2017 to 15 years in prison. Lula was involved in various corruption investigations.
Protests broke out calling for the resignation or impeachment of Rousseff. The most widespread occurred on March 13, 2016 in over 300 municipalities. Police estimates give around 3.5 million protesters across the country. Some of the protests were in an area previously regarded as a stronghold of the Workers Party, in which Rousseff was the leader.
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation sued Petrobras and its auditor PriceWaterhouseCoopers as a result of a corruption scandal.
Environmental recordings
Petrobras site notes several initiatives to preserve the environment. This includes efforts to support marine and forest ecosystems. In particular, Petrobras has sponsored population research and conservation efforts for humpback whales in northeastern Brazil. The company's efforts helped to rebuild a population of Brazilian humpbacks from 2,000 in the mid-nineties to over 9,000 in 2008.
Petrobras subscribes to the United Nations Global Compact, voluntary agreements on human rights, working conditions, corruption and the environment.
In 2008, the Spanish consulting and management company named Petrobras as the world's most sustainable oil company.
Oil spill
Petrobras in popular culture
See also
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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