The Volkswagen Type 3 is a compact car manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen from 1961 to 1973. Introduced at the 1961 Frankfurt Motor Show, Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (IAA) , Type 3 marketed as Volkswagen 1500 and later as Volkswagen 1600 , in three body styles: two Notchback doors, Fastback and Squareback, the latter being marketed as 'Variants' in most markets, and 'Squareback' in the United States.
The Type 3 diversifies the Volkswagen product beyond existing models - Type 1 Beetle, Type 14 Karmann Ghia, Type 2 (Bus) - while maintaining some of the main engineering principles of the Beetle, especially the air-cooled rear engine, rear-wheel drive layout and torque rod suspension all in the same wheelbase of 2400 mm (94.5 inches).
Video Volkswagen Type 3
History
Type 3 follows Beetle Type 1, using a low-profile version of an air-cooled 4-cylinder engine, a rear-engined Volkswagen, and body-on-chassis construction while displaying different pontoons styling with Articulated Type 1 fenders and running boards. VW completed its design in 1959 with a prototype ready for testing in 1960. Confidentiality is such that even at the Geneva Geneva Auto Show, VW denied they were preparing a new design. In 1961 VW announced a new line as "VW 1500".
Production began in August 1961, a month before its launch, the Volkswagen 1500 Notchback, encompassing a three-box styling inside the body of a notchback sedan. The production of Karmann Ghia 1500 (also known as Type 34 Karmann Ghia ) with the coupà © body began in November 1961 and the delivery began in January 1962. Large variants (marketed as Squareback in the US) followed, with the first car produced in February 1962. Two convertibles based on the 1500 Notchback were also announced with the original model, but did not enter production.
The Fastback , or TL version, the fastback coupon, arrived in August 1965, at the same time the 1600 engine was introduced. Volkswagen's intention is that this model should replace Notchback, which takes place in the UK market, but in other markets, including the German domestic market, the number of customers who prefer cars older than Notchback is higher than expected, and ultimately Good Notchback body shape and the Fastback remained in production until July 1973. Type 3 also features wall-to-wall rugs, and is available with air conditioning in the US.
Volkswagen of America began importing Type 3 in 1966 at "Squareback" (the 'Variant' badge is not used in the US market) and "Fastback" but not the Notchback configuration. Type 3 competes in the market with the Chevrolet Corvair, which was previously introduced in the United States in 1960, which incorporates a 6-cylinder air-cooled cooling engine with notchback body style and station wagon, and a compact van coming from the platform.
In 1968, Type 3 'E' ( Einspritzung ) became the first German automaker in series production with electronic fuel injection (Bosch D-Jetronic) as standard equipment. The larger Type 4 Volkswagen was introduced in 1969 which has a similar mechanical layout with further engineering improvements.
For the 1968 model, 1969 in the United States, three-speed automatic transaxle became available, noted for extremely low internal friction. With automatic come fully independent rear suspension (IRS), replace the shaft swing setting (IRS). For 1969, the rear axle of the IRS was standard with automatic and manual transmissions.
This model received a facelift in 1970, when a 115 mm (4.5 inch) nose elongation added 1.5Ã, cuÃ, ft (42Ã,L) for luggage capacity. At the same time it gets a large square-shaped bumper and larger tail lights and a front indicator.
Volkswagen offers Type 3 at lower trim levels in Europe, marketed as trim level 1600A . In the US, and for 1973 alone, Volkswagen offered two Fastback Type 3 trim levels in the US, marketed as Type 3 Sedan and Type 3 Basic Compact. Compact Basic displays reduced content, including limited color availability and upholstery and no chrome belt lines, clocks, electric rear window defoggers - and with glistening frames around the ventilation window, black cardboard in front of the luggage on top of the gasoline tank without liners on the sides of the rod or on top of a firewall, a plain vinyl door panel with no door socks and rubber mats in place of interior carpet.
While Type 3 is a more modern design, it never reaches the same level of popularity as the Beetle. When Volkswagen began producing front-wheel-drive water cooling designs, production ended in 1973 at the Wolfsburg plant, with production moving to the new VW Emden plant, which was reopened in 1973 to build the first generation Passat (marketed in various ways, as well "Dasher"). The Wolfsburg plant was retooled to build Golf, which eventually replaced Type 1 as Volkswagen's best-selling sedan.
Maps Volkswagen Type 3
Engine and Drivetrain
Type 3 was initially equipped with a 1.5A engine, L (1493Ã, cc) based on a water-cooled 1192Ã, cc flat-4 found in Type 1, but with a 69mm stroke it became the base for 1300 cc and 1,600cc engine following in Beetle (Type 1) and Volkswagen Type 2 T1 and T2. While the long blocks remain the same as Type 1, engine cooling is redesigned by placing the fan on the crankshaft end instead of the generator. This reduces the height of the engine profile, allows for greater cargo volume, and earns the nickname "Pancake" or "Luggage" machine. Engine displacement will eventually increase to 1.6 liters (1584 cc).
It uses a similar transmission to the Beetle but with a higher ratio (4,125 R & amp; P v 4,375 R & amp; P) and a longer axle. Unlike the Beetle (Type 1), the Type 3 engine and transmission unit are fitted to the subframe (which contains full rear suspension), in turn rubber-mounted to the floorpan and body, thus isolating the vibrations and road noise from the passenger room.
The original Volkswagen 1500 used a 32mm side carpet Solex PHN design. In August 1963 VW introduced a single and twin-carburetor version, each Volkswagen 1500 'N' (Normal), with a rating of 45 PS (33 kW, 44 hp), and 1500 'S' (Super), 54 PS (40Ã , KW; 53Ã, hp) which has a high-compression 83mm piston (8.5: 1) and twin downdraught 32Ã, mm Solex PDSIT carburetor for greater power.
Type 3 engines received larger displacements (1.6Ã, L) for 1966 (August '65) and in 1968 became the world's first volume production car featuring electronic fuel injection - pioneered by Bosch. Bosch D-Jetronic system offered on Volkswagen 1600 TE & amp; The LE version (E points to "Einspritzung " or "injection" in German). The same Bosch injection system is used on Type 4 VW 411, some models of Porsche 914, Opel Admiral, Diplomat and Commodore, and available for Volvo P1800. Also introduced for 1968 is a full automatic transmission.
An important advance from Type 1 to Type 3 is the front suspension - albeit similar to Type 1, it is the first Volkswagen front suspension that incorporates a transverse round torque rod, as opposed to a Type 1 torque leaf. The Type 3 torque rod is crossed in the lower tube, so that each individual twist rod stretches the width of the full car, the top tube containing the anti-roll rod that links the trailing over each other. Complete front suspension unit is rubber mounted to the floor of the car. In 1968 the rear suspension was upgraded to double the CV alongside a semi trailing suspension arm (sometimes called the IRS by a VW fan to distinguish it from the earlier (IRS) swing-axle type), a design feature that previously appeared on VW Type 2 in 1967.
Type 3 offers front and rear trunk area covered, with larger volume and cargo access via boot (baggage) and bonnet (hood). Each of the 3 variants (Notchback, Squareback, and Fastback) and Type 2 from 1968, the engine is located under the panel in the rear trunk.
This unusual placement is highlighted in a period of Volkswagen television commercials for the American market. It featured actor Dustin Hoffman showing the interior of the Fastback model and explaining the technical features of the car but could not find the engine. The ad closes with a copy, "Your VW dealer will show you where the motor is."
The original type 3 with 5-stud wheels (5 x 205 mm PCD) uses twin shoe main drum brakes on the front. In August '65 (model year '66) it was replaced by disc brakes, coinciding with the introduction of the Fastback and the 1600 engine (Australian-made model maintaining the front brake drum until August 1967). It has a 4-stud wheels (4 x 130 mm PCD) with 8 cooling slots. Rear brakes always lead/follow drum shoes.
Technical data
Production number
German production:
- Type 31 1500/1600 Notchback/Fastback: 1,339,124
- Type 36 1500/1600 Variant: 1,202,935
- Type 351 1500/1600 Conversion (prototype): 12
- chassis 1500/1600 and works with prototype: 311
Brazilian Production:
- Notchback: 24,475
- Fastback: 109,515
- Variant: 256.760
- Variant II: 41,002
Australian Production
Type 3 was produced at Clayton in Victoria, Australia from 1963 in sedan, station wagon and body style of sedan delivery. In 1965, Fastback was introduced, fully imported from Germany.
The van panel version (based on 1500 'N') features a sea plywood loading area with a zinc-coated steel protective strip, 1 x sun shield (for the driver), a clock-clearing panel and no side windows. All Australian assembled panel vans are equipped with metal ID tags behind the spare wheel with PV prefixes then hand-stamped numbers. There are about 20 existing van vans from an initial production estimate of 500 units.
Following the cessation of all local manufactures by Volkswagen Australasia in 1968, Type 3 was assembled from a CKD kit by Motor Producers Limited at the same Clayton facility until 1973.
Related models
Type 34 Karmann Ghia
In 1961, Volkswagen introduced the VW 1500 Karmann Ghia, or Type 34, based on the new Type 3 platform, featuring the new flat Volkswagen 1500cc engine design, and styling by Italian engineer Sergio Sartorelli at Carrozzeria Ghia.
Until it was replaced by the VW-Porsche 914, it was VW's fastest, most expensive, and most luxurious passenger car manufactured in the 1960s & amp; # x2014. 42,505 (plus 17 prototype convertibles) made from 1962-1969.
Although Type 34 is available in most countries, it is not officially offered in the US, VW's largest and most important export market.
Brazilian type 3
Type Three Box 3 was launched in Brazil in 1968 with a unique style (similar to Brasilia) written by Marcio Piancastelli, and four doors. It met with little success, nicknamed ZÃÆ'Ã… © do CaixÃÆ'Â £ o (which means "Coffin Joe", after the popular Brazilian horror filmmaker) for his box shape. It was discontinued in 1970.
The fastback version, Volkswagen TL, was somewhat better, left in production from 1970 to 1976, initially as two doors and then as a four-door version.
As in Germany, the original Karmann Ghia was replaced with Karmann Ghia TC Type 3 (Touring Coupà ©  ©), but with a different look than the German Type 34 Karmann Ghia.
Not as successful as a burly sibling, Varian. The 3-door variant was produced from 1969 to 1977, followed by a refined successor with the finer body, the Variant II, produced from 1977 to 1980.
Brazilian Type 3s use front suspension of Type 1 with laminated half laminated spring laminated above and below the tube and securely attached to the floor, unlike the German Type 3 rubber mounting unit with full-width crossbar in the lower tube and anti-roll bar above. Argentinean Dodge 1500-based Volkswagen 1500
The "Volkswagen 1500" unrelated to the Type 3 1500 model was sold during the 1980s in Argentina based on the Dodge 1500 produced in the country.
In 1980, Volkswagen bought Argentinean company Chrysler Fevre Argentina SAIC, inheriting several Dodge/Chrysler models and renaming the company Volkswagen Argentina SA. One of the models is the Dodge 1500 (also the Dodge 1800) which has just been taken over by the company as Volkswagen 1500 for the Argentine market. The plantation is known as the Volkswagen 1500 Rural. Both variants continued to be sold until 1988.
The car, which is based on Chrysler Avenger, has also been sold in Brazil, where it is known as Dodge Polara - this version stopped in 1981, shortly after the purchase of Volkswagen from tooling in Argentina. The same car was available in the early 1970s in North America as Plymouth Cricket.
No part of the Dodge 1500/"Volkswagen 1500" that overlaps with Volkswagen Type 3 1500 models, or other Volkswagen products.
src: germancarsforsaleblog.com
References
- Ouvald, Werner (2003). Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, Band (volume) 3 (in German). Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-613-02116-1.
src: i.ytimg.com
External links
- Volkswagen Type 3 in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Unique Car and Parts (Australia) Volkswagen Type 3
- Type 3 Registry for Vehicles Volkswagen Type 3 (1961-1973)
- Type 3 Wiki for Volkswagen Type 3 (1961-1973)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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