The Doomsday Clock is a symbol representing the possibility of a man-made global disaster. Retained since 1947 by members of the Science and Security Atomic Sciences Bulletin Scientific and Security, the hour is an analogy to the threat of global nuclear war. Since 2007, it also reflects climate change and new developments in life sciences and technology that can pose an inevitable danger to humanity.
The clock represents a hypothetical global catastrophe as "midnight" and The Bulletin ' about how close the world to a global disaster is to a number of "minutes" until midnight. The original setting in 1947 was seven minutes to midnight. It has been set back and forward 23 times since then, the smallest number from minute to midnight into two (in 1953 and 2018) and seventeen largest (in 1991). In January 2018, the hours are set at two minutes to midnight, due to "threats posed by nuclear war and climate change", and because the United States reduces the role of general leadership.
Video Doomsday Clock
Histori
The origin of Doomsday Hours can be traced to a group of international researchers called the Chicago Atomic Scientists, who have participated in the Manhattan Project. After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they began publishing stencilled newsletters and later magazines, The Atomic Science Bulletins, which, from the beginning, had depicted the hour on each cover. The hour was first represented in 1947, when Hyman Goldsmith co-founder Hyman Goldsmith requested artist Martyl Langsdorf (wife of the Manhattan Project project researcher and the signatory of the SzilÃÆ'¡rd Alexander Langsdorf, Jr.) petition to design the cover for the edition June 1947 magazine. As Eugene Rabinowitch, one of the other founders of The Bulletin, described later,
Bulletin Jam is not a tool to register the ups and downs of international power struggles; is intended to reflect a fundamental change in the degree of continuous danger in which humanity lives in nuclear times...
Langsdorf chose the clock to reflect the urgency of the problem: like a countdown, the clock indicates that naturally destruction will occur unless someone takes action to stop it.
In January 2007, designer Michael Bierut, who was in the Governing Council, redesigned the clock to give a more modern feel. In 2009, The Bulletin stopped its print edition and became one of the first print publications in the US to become fully digital; hour is now found as part of the logo on the The Bulletin website. Information about the Hours Clock Symposium, timelines of clock settings, and multimedia performances on the history and culture of the clock can also be found on the Bulletin ' site.
The 5th Doomsday Clock Symposium was held on November 14, 2013, in Washington, D.C.; it is an all-day event open to the public and a panelist featuring discussing various issues on the topic "Communicating Disaster". There is also an evening show at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in conjunction with the current Hirshhorn exhibition, "Damage Control: Art and Destruction Since 1950". The panel discussion, held at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, is streamed directly from the Bulletin ' site and is still visible there. Reflecting international events harmful to mankind, the clock has been adjusted 22 times since the beginning of 1947, when it was set to "seven minutes to midnight".
Changes
"Midnight" has a deeper meaning than the constant threat of war. There are various things to be considered when scientists from The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists decide what Midnight and Global Disasters really mean a certain year. They may include "Politics, Energy, Weapons, Diplomacy, and Climate Science." Potential sources of threats include nuclear threats, climate change, bioterrorism, and artificial intelligence. Midnight judge council members by discussing how close they think of humanity is the end of civilization. In 1947, during the Cold War, the clock began at seven minutes to midnight. Clock setting is disconnected without specified start time. The clock is not set and reset directly when the event occurs; instead of responding to every crisis, the Science and Security Council meets twice each year to discuss global events in a considerate way. The threat of nearest nuclear war, Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, reaching crisis, climax, and resolutions before hours can be set to reflect the possibility of doomsday.
Change settings
Two points tied for the lowest for the Hour of Doom was in 1953, when the clock was set for two minutes to midnight after the US and USSR began testing hydrogen bombs, and by 2018, following the failure of world leaders to tackle the tensions associated with nuclear weapons and climate change issues. In other years, clock time fluctuated from 17 minutes in 1991 to 2 minutes 30 seconds in 2017. Discussing the change to 2½ minutes by 2017, the first use of a fraction in clock history, Krauss, one of the scientists of the Bulletin, warns that our political leaders must make decisions based on facts, and those facts "should be taken into account if the future of mankind must be preserved." In an announcement from the Bulletin on the status of the clock, they went so far as to call for action from "wise" public officials and "wise" citizens to make an effort to steer human life away from disasters while we still can. In January 2018, the clock dropped further to 2 minutes to midnight, which means that today's hour status is tied for closest to midnight since the clock began in 1947.
Maps Doomsday Clock
Reception
The hour of Judgment has become a universally recognized metaphor. By Bulletin , the clock draws more daily visitors to the Bulletin site than any other feature.
Anders Sandberg of the Future of Humanity Institute has stated that the "threat seizure bag" that is currently mixed together by the clock can cause paralysis. People may be more likely to succeed on smaller and gradual challenges; for example, taking steps to prevent the unintentional blast of nuclear weapons is a small but significant step in avoiding nuclear war. Alex Barasch at Slate argues that "Putting humanity on permanent high alert, unhelpful when it comes to policy or science", and criticizing the Bulletin for not explaining or trying to gauge their methodology.
Conservative media often clash with Bulletin . Keith Payne writes in the National Review that clocks overestimate the effects of "developments in the field of nuclear testing and formal weapons control". Tristin Hopper at the National Post admitted that "there is much to worry about about climate change," but states that climate change is not in the same league as nuclear total destruction. In addition, some critics accuse the Bulletin of pushing the political agenda.
In popular culture
- Seven Minutes to Midnight single 1980 by Wah! Heat refers to the Doomsday Clock change that year from 9 to 7 minutes to midnight.
- The Australian Midnight Oil's 1984 LP rock band Red Sails in the Sunset features a song called "Minutes to Midnight". The cover of this album shows air shows from Sydney after a nuclear strike. In 1984, vocalist Peter Garrett ran in the Australian Senate as a candidate for the Nuclear Disarmament Party. Since then, he was elected to the Australian Parliament and later served as Minister of the Environment.
- Iron Maiden's 1984 title "2 Minutes to Midnight" is a reference to the Hour of Hour.
- The Doomsday Clock is a recurring visual theme in the DC comic serial series Watchmen (1986-7) and in the 2009 film adaptation
- The album title of Linkin Park 2007 Minutes to Midnight is a reference to the Hour of Hour.
- The Doomsday Clock is used as a clue in NCIS in the October 2008 episode titled "Murder 2.0", Season 6 Episode 6. The image used in the video clips describes the Doomsday Clock being set to 5 minutes to midnight.
- The Hour of Hour is displayed in Madam Secretary in the March 2016 episode titled "On the Clock", Season 2 Episode 18.
- In the 2017 episode Doctor Who "The Pyramid at the End of the World", monks cause every hour of the world to display the Hours of Doomsday, and provide them with humanitarian assistance to stop pending cataclysmic events.
- The Hour of Hour is displayed in Yael Bartana What if Woman Ruled the World, which aired on July 5, 2017 at the Manchester International Festival.
See also
References
External links
- The Atomic Bulletin
- Hour Clock Timeline
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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