The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three main sectors: upstream, middle, and downstream. The downstream sector is petroleum refining crude oil and processing and refining crude natural gas, as well as marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through products such as gasoline or gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oil, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LPG) and hundreds of petrochemicals.
Midstream operations are often included in the downstream category and are considered as part of the downstream sector.
Video Downstream (petroleum industry)
Byproduct sulfur
Crude oil is a mixture of many varieties of hydrocarbons and usually contains many sulfur-containing compounds. The oil refining process generally includes hydrodesulfurization which converts most of the sulfur into hydrogen sulphide gas. Raw natural gas may also contain hydrogen sulphide gas and sulfur-containing mercaptans, which are discharged at natural gas processing plants before the gas is distributed to consumers.
Hydrogen sulfide is discharged in the purification and processing of crude oil and natural gas and then converted into sulfur by-product elements. In fact, most of the 64,000,000 sulfur metric tons produced worldwide in 2005 were sulfur byproducts from refineries and natural gas processing plants.
Maps Downstream (petroleum industry)
Downstream in ISO
ISO 20815 defines "downstream" in its definition as: 3.1.8 downstream
business processes, most often in the petroleum industry, linked to post-production activities.
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- Example: purification, transportation and marketing of petroleum products.
See also
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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