The Sakhalin-I project (Russian: ??????? - 1 ), your project for Sakhalin - II, is a consortium for oil and gas production on Sakhalin Island and immediately offshore. It operates three areas in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk: Chayvo, Odoptu and Arkutun-Dagi.
In 1996, the consortium finalized a production sharing agreement between the Sakhalin-I consortium, the Russian Federation and the Sakhalin government. The consortium is managed and operated by Exxon Neftegas Limited (ENL).
Since 2003, when the first Sakhalin-1 well was drilled, six of the world's 10 renewable wells drilled wells have been drilled in the project fields, using the Yastreb rig. It has set some industry records for long, directional penetration and drilling rates. On August 27, 2012, Exxon Neftegas Ltd. beat the previous record by completing Z-44 Chayvo well. This ERD also reaches a total measurable length of 12,376 meters (40,604 feet), making it the longest well in the world.
Video Sakhalin-I
Histori
The Sakhalin I Chayvo, Arkutun-Dagi and Odoptu fields were discovered by the Soviets some 20 years before the 1996 Production Sharing Agreement. However, these areas have not been properly assessed and the reevaluation of commercial feasibility should be undertaken. To do this, factors such as the quality of the reservoir, the level of production and the location of the well must be found. 3-D seismic is the most common way to determine many of these shallow gas reservoirs but disrupts the seismic signal and obscures the image slightly.
Two 3-D seismic campaigns were conducted along with a number of appraisal wells into Arkutun-Dagi and Chayvo. The result is initially the average of appraisal wells with hydrocarbons that have been successfully tested, but there is still a large amount of uncertainty involved with the project. However, by the end of 1998, revisiting 3-D seismic data using the most advanced seismic visualization techniques then available showed that the depth of hydrocarbons on the edge of the field could be much deeper than the first thought. In 2000, Chayvo 6a delineation confirmed what was suspected, an oil column 150 meters (490 ft). This provides assurance that the field is commercially feasible in an unfriendly environment with the potential to be 1 billion barrels (160 ÃÆ'â € 10 6 xm 3 ).
In 2007, the project set a world record when the extension-reached drilling (ERD) with both Z-11 reached 11,282 meters (37,014 feet). The record was broken in early 2008 with the Z-12 reaching a wide reach of 11,680 meters (38,320 ft). The two expanded wells are on the Chayvo field and reach more than 11 kilometers (6.8 miles). At the beginning of 2008, Chayvo field contains 17 of the 30 longest-reaching drilling-longest wells in the world. However, in May 2008, both ERD world records were also exceeded by GSF Rig 127 operated by Transocean, which drilled ERD with both BD-04A at Al Shaheen oil field in Qatar. The well of ERD is drilled to a measurable long record of 12,289 meters (40,318 ft) including a horizontal range of 10,902 meters (35,768 ft) in 36 days.
On January 28, 2011, Exxon Neftegas Ltd., operator of the Sakhalin-1 project, drilled the longest longest extension well in the world. It has surpassed both Al Shaheen wells and previous decade leader Kola Superdeep Borehole as the world's longest drill well. The OP-11 Odoptu well reaches a total measurable length of 12,345 meters (40,502 feet) and a horizontal displacement of 11,475 meters (37,648 feet). Exxon Neftegas completed the well in 60 days.
On August 27, 2012, Exxon Neftegas Ltd. beat its own record by completing Z-44 Chayvo well. The ERD also reaches a total measured length of 12,376 meters (40,604 feet).
Maps Sakhalin-I
Development
Three fields will be developed in this order: Chayvo, Odoptu and Arkutun-Dagi. The total project is estimated to cost US $ 10-12 billion, making it the largest direct investment in Russia from foreign sources. It is estimated that nearly 13,000 jobs will be made either directly or indirectly. Around $ 2.8 billion has been spent, which helps bring down the unemployment rate and increase the local government tax base. The field is projected to produce 2.3 billion barrels (370 ÃÆ'â € 10 6 >
In 2007, the consortium achieved its production target of 250,000 barrels per day (40,000 m 3 /d) oil. In addition, natural gas production for peak winter in 2007 was 140 million cubic feet per day (4.0 ÃÆ'â € 10 6 m 3 /d).
The first rig in place for Sakhalin-I, Yastreb, is the most powerful ground rig in the world. Parker Drilling Company is a 52 meter high rig operator (171Ã, ft). Although the rig is land-based, it will drill more than 20 wells extended over 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) horizontally to the Okhotsk Sea, and 2,600 meters (8,500 feet) in depth. This offshore-based offshore drilling arrangement is necessary because the Okhotsk Sea is frozen about four months of the year. The rig is designed to withstand earthquakes that often occur in the area, and operates at a temperature of -40 ° C (-40 ° F) that can occur in winter.
As part of the project, Russia is in the process of building a 220 kilometer long pipeline in the Tatar Strait from Sakhalin Island to the De-Kastri oil terminal on the Russian mainland. From De-Kastri will be loaded onto a tanker to be transported to the East Asian market.
Consortium
The consortium consists of:
- 30.0% - Exxon Mobil (United States)
- 30.0% - Sakhalin Oil & amp; Gas Development Co. Ltd. (Japan)
- 20.0% - ONGC Videsh Ltd. (India)
- 11.5% - Sakhalinmorneftegas-Shelf (Russia)
- 8.5% - RN-Astra (Russia)
Both Russian entities are Rosneft affiliates.
The field is operated by Exxon Neftegas Limited.
Environmental issues
Scientists and environmental groups have raised concerns that the Sakhalin-I oil and gas project in Russia's Far East, operated by ExxonMobil subsidiary Exxon Neftegas, threatens a critically endangered gray whale population. About 130 western gray whales remain, of which only 30-35 are reproductive females. The whale only eats during the summer and autumn, at a diner which happens to be adjacent to the Sakhalin-I project on offshore and offshore facilities and related activities along the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island. Particular attention is caused by the decision to build the dock and start shipping at Piltun Lagoon.
Since 2006, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has hosted a Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel (WGWAP), composed of marine scientists who provide expert analysis and advice on the impact on the endangered gray whales populations of the oil project and gas in the area, including Sakhalin-I. In February 2009, the WGWAP reported that the number of west-gray whales observed in the near-coastal (primary) feeding area had decreased significantly in the summer of 2008, which coincided with industrial activities undertaken by ENL (and other companies) in the region the.. The WGWAP recommends a moratorium on all industrial activities in the area until their effects have been studied or plans made to mitigate the negative effects of industrial activities already implemented. Sakhalin Energy-ENL's collaboration with a scientific panel investigating gray whales is hampered by confidentiality agreements and by the lack of ENL's motivation to cooperate with the process.
ExxonMobil has responded that since 1997 the company has invested more than $ 40 million for western whale monitoring programs.
See also
- Drilling rig
- Megaproject
- The oil platform
- Russian energy policy
References
External links
- Sakhalin-1 Project website
- Parker Drilling
- Sakhalin Factsheet - in the Energy Department's Energy Information Administration
- ??????? - 1 (Russia)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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