Tate Modern is a modern art gallery located in London. It is a national gallery of modern international English art and is part of the Tate group (along with Tate Britain, Liverpool Tate, Tate St Ives, and Tate Online). It is based on the former Bankside Power Station, in the Bankside area of ​​the London Borough of Southwark. Tate holds a collection of British national art from 1900 to the present day and contemporary international and modern art. Tate Modern is one of the largest modern and contemporary art museums in the world. Like other national galleries and museums in the UK, there is no entrance fee for access to the exhibit collection, which occupies most of the gallery space, while tickets must be purchased for the main temporary exhibition.
Video Tate Modern
History
Bankside Power Station
The Tate Modern is housed in the former Bankside Power Station, originally designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, architect of Battersea Power Station, and built in two stages between 1947 and 1963. Just across the river from St. Paul's Cathedral. The power plant was closed in 1981.
Prior to rebuilding, the power plant is a 200 m (660 ft) diameter steel frame brick building, with the main chimney standing 99 m (325 ft). The structure is divided into three main areas each running east-west - a large Turbine Hall in the center, with boiler houses in the north and houses turning to the south.
Initial redevelopment
For years after the closure of Bankside Power Station risked being destroyed by developers. Many people are campaigning for buildings to be saved and suggesting possible new uses. Application for list building is denied. In April 1994 Gallery Tate announced that Bankside would be home to the new Tate Modern. In July of the same year, an international competition was launched to select architects for a new gallery. Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron from Herzog & amp; de Meuron was announced as the winning architect in January 1995. The 134 million-dollar conversion to Tate Modern began in June 1995 and was completed in January 2000.
The most obvious external change is the two-story glass extension on half the roof. Most of the original internal structure remains, including the main cave turbine chamber, which retains the overhead traveling crane. An electrical substation, which occupies the Switch House in the southern third of the building, remains on-site and is owned by the French power company EDF Energy while Tate takes over the northern Boiler House for the main exhibit hall Tate Modern.
The history of the site as well as information about the conversion is the basis for the 2008 documentary Architects Herzog and de Meuron: Building & amp; Tate Modern . This challenging conversion work is done by Carillion.
Opening and initial acceptance
Tate Modern was opened by Queen on May 11, 2000.
Tate Modern received 5.25 million visitors in its first year. The previous year three Tate galleries have received a combined 2.5 million visitors.
Extension project
Tate Modern has attracted more visitors than expected and plans to expand it has been prepared since 2004. This plan focuses on the southwest of the building with the goal of providing 5,000 m 2 of the new display space, virtually doubling the number of display spaces.
The southern third of the building was maintained by the French power company EDF Energy as an electrical substation. In 2006, the company released the western part of the holding and this plan was made to replace the structure with the extension of the tower to the museum, which was originally planned to be completed by 2015. The tower will be built on an old oil storage tank, which will be converted into space performing Arts. Engineering and environmental consultancy, geotechnical, civil, and façade were conducted by Ramboll between 2008 and 2016.
The project initially cost up to £ 215 million. Of the money raised, Ã, Â £ 50 million comes from the British government; Ã, Â £ 7 million from the London Development Agency; Ã, Â £ 6 million from philanthropist John Studzinski; and donations from, among others, the Sultanate of Oman and Elisabeth Murdoch.
In June 2013, international shipping companies and property figure Eyal Ofer promised Ã, Â £ 10 million for the expansion project, bringing up 85% of the required funds. Eyal Ofer, London-based head of the London-based Zodiak Maritime Agency, said donations made through his family foundation would allow "an iconic institution to enhance the experience and accessibility of contemporary art". Tate's director, Nicholas Serota, praised the donation that said it would help make Tate Modern a "real 21st century museum".
The Tanks
The first phase of expansion involves the conversion of three large underground oil tanks, which were originally used by power plants to accessible display spaces and facility areas. It opens on July 18, 2012 and closes on October 28, 2012 because the work in the tower building continues directly above. They reopen after the completion of the Switch House renewal on June 17, 2016.
Two of the Tanks are used to demonstrate the art of live performances and the third temporary installation provides the utility room. Tate described them as "the first museum gallery in the world permanently dedicated to the art of living".
House Switch
The ten-story tower, 65 meters above the ground, is built on an oil tank.
The original western half of the Switch House was destroyed to make room for the tower and then rebuilt around it with a large gallery space and access route between the main building and the new tower at level 1 (ground level) and level 4. The new gallery at level 4 has natural lighting on. A bridge built over the turbine hall at level 4 to provide the top access route.
New building opened to the public on June 17, 2016.
The design, again by Herzog & amp; de Meuron, has become controversial. Originally designed with a pyramid of stained glass, but this was altered to incorporate a sloping façade in a brick grille (to match the original station building) even though the plan approved the original design that had previously been given by the regulatory authorities.
This extension provides 22,492 square meters of additional gross internal area for showrooms and exhibitions, performance rooms, educational facilities, offices, catering and retail facilities as well as new car parks and new external public spaces.
In May 2017, Switch House was officially renamed the Blavatnik Building, after Anglo-Ukrainian billionaire Sir Leonard Blavatnik, who donated a "substantial" amount of an extension fee of £ 260 million. Sir Nicholas Serota commented, "Len Blavatnik's enthusiastic support ensured the success of this project and I am pleased that the new building is now using its name".
Maps Tate Modern
Gallery
The collection at Tate Modern consists of modern and contemporary international artwork dating from 1900 to the present day.
Level 2, 3, and 4 contain the gallery space. Each floor is divided into large east and west wings with at least 11 rooms in each. The space between the wings is also used for smaller galleries at levels 2 and 4. Boiler House displays art from 1900 to the present day.
The Switch House has eleven floors, numbered 0 to 10. Levels 0, 2, 3, and 4 contain a gallery space. Level 0 consists of Tanks, the space changed from the original oil fuel tank, while all other levels are placed in the tower expansion building built on top of them. The Switch House featured art from 1960 to the present.
The Turbine Hall is a large room that runs the entire length of the building between Boiler House and Switch House. With six floors high, it is the full height of the original power plant building. Cut by bridge between Boiler House and Switch House at level 1 and 4 but space is not divided. The west end consists of soft ramps from the entrance and gives access to both sides at level 0. The eastern end provides a very large space that can be used to display enormous artwork due to its unusual height.
Exhibition
Collection exhibition
The main collection view consists of 8 areas with a named theme or subject. Within each area there are several rooms that change periodically showing different works according to the theme or the whole subject. The themes are changed less frequently. There is no registration fee for this area.
As of June 2016 themed areas are:
- Start Display : Display three spaces from works of great artists to introduce the basic idea of ​​modern art.
- Artist and Society
- In The Studio
- Materials and Objects
- Media Network
- Between Objects and Architectures
- Performers and Participants
- Living Cities
There is also an area dedicated to displaying works from the Artist Chamber collection.
History of collections exhibit
Since Tate Modern first opened in 2000, the collection has not been presented in chronological order but has been thematically organized into large groups. Before the Switch House opening there were four of these groupings at one time, each allocating wings at levels 3 and 5 (now level 2 and 4).
Early suspension from 2000 to 2006:
- History/Memory/Society
- Nude/Action/Body
- Landscape/Material/Neighborhood
- Still Life/Object/Real Life
The first rehang at Tate Modern opened in May 2006. It avoids thematic groups that support the focus on important moments of twentieth-century art. It also introduces space for a shorter exhibition between the wings. The layout is:
- Material Cues
- Poems and Dreams
- Energy and Processes
- Flux Society
In 2012 there is a third partial rehang. The settings are:
- Poetry and Dream
- Structure and Clarity
- Transformed Visions
- Energy and Processes
- Set Scene - The smaller section, located between the wings, includes installations with theatrical or fictitious themes.
Temporary exhibits
The Turbine Hall
The Turbine Hall, which once housed an electrical generator from an old power plant, is as high as five floors with a floor area of ​​3,400 square meters. It is used to showcase the great works commissioned by contemporary artists, between October and March each year. The series is planned to last for the first five years of the gallery, but the popularity of the series is causing an extension until 2012.
The artists who have exhibited the work commissioned in Turbine Hall as part of the Unilever series are:
Until 2012, this series was named after its corporate sponsor, Unilever. Between 2000 and 2012, Unilever has awarded a total sponsorship worth  £ 4.4 million including an extension deal of  £ 2.2 million for a five-year term agreed in 2008.
When the series is not running, Turbine Hall is used for occasions and exhibitions occasionally. Recently it has been used to show Damien Hirst's For The Love of God and a sold-out show by Kraftwerk in February 2013 that crashed into ticket and website hotlines, causing a reaction from the band's fans.
In 2013, Tate Modern signed a sponsorship deal worth approximately Ã, Â £ 5 million with Hyundai to close its ten-year commission program, then considered the largest amount of money ever given to individual galleries or museums in the UK. The first commission for the Hyundai series is the Mexican artist, Abraham Cruzvillegas.
The artists who have exhibited the work assigned at Turbine Hall as part of the Hyundai series so far are:
Main temporary exhibit
Two Boiler House wings were used to stage the main temporary exhibition which is charged entrance fee. The exhibition usually lasts for three or four months. When they are on one floor, two exhibition areas can be combined to host one exhibition. This was done for Gilbert and George retrospectively because of the size and number of works. Currently the two wings used are at level 3. It is unknown whether this setting is permanent. Each major exhibition has a dedicated small bookstore and merchandise relevant to the exhibit.
Henri Matisse's performance in 2014 gave Tate Modern the best fairs show in London, and with a total of 562,622 visitors as a whole, helped by almost five months. In 2018, Joan Jonas held a retrospective exhibition.
The Tanks
The Tanks, located at level 0, are the three major underground oil tanks, connecting the space and side space originally used by power plants and updated for use by galleries. One tank is used to display installation and video art that is specifically assigned to space while smaller areas are used to display installation and video art from collections.
Project Space
The Project Space (formerly known as Level 2 Gallery) is a smaller gallery located on the northern side of Boiler House at level 1 that houses contemporary art exhibitions in collaboration with other international art organizations. The exhibitions usually last for 2-3 months and then travel to collaborative agencies for display there. The space is only accessible by leaving the building and re-entering using a special entrance. No longer used as a gallery space.
More areas
Jobs are also sometimes displayed in restaurant and member rooms. Other locations that have been used in the past include mezzanine at Level 1 and the north-facing exterior of the Boiler House building.
Other facilities
In addition to the exhibition hall there are a number of other facilities:
- A large performance space in one of the tanks at level 0 is used to indicate a performance work program that is changing and sometimes there is an entrance fee.
- The Starr Auditorium and seminar room at level 1 are used to feature movies and host events that usually have entrance fees.
- Clore Education Center, Clore Information Room and McAulay Studios at level 0 which is a facility for use by visiting educational institutions.
- One big store and a few small ones that sell books, prints, and merchandise.
- Cafe, espresso bar, restaurant, bar and member rooms.
- Tate Gardens Modern community, managed jointly with Bankside Open Spaces Trust
Access and environment
The nearest station is Blackfriars via the new south entrance. Other nearby stations include Southwark, as well as St Paul's and Mansion House in the north of the river that can be reached via the Millennium Bridge. Lampposts between Southwark and Tate Modern tube stations are painted orange to show pedestrian routes.
There is also a river dock outside the gallery called Bankside Pier, with connections to Docklands and Greenwich via regular passenger boat service (commute service) and Tate to Tate service, which connects Tate Modern with Tate Britain.
To the west of the Tate Modern lies the slick stone and glass building in the Ludgate Building, the former headquarters of the Express Newspapers and the Sampson House, the large brutal headquarters building.
Transport connections
- At the exit of Southwark railway station, orange directs visitors directly to Tate Modern.
Board of Directors
The appointment of Frances Morris as director was announced in January 2016.
- Lars Nittve (1998-2001)
- Vicente TodolÃÆ' (2003-2010)
- Chris Dercon (2010-2016)
- Frances Morris (2016 -)
Controversy
Unleash Tate from BP
Since 2010 there have been 14 protest art performances by the collective art of Liberate Tate that demanded Tate to "break away from BP as a sponsor, and stop letting Tate be used to distract from the devastating impact that BP exists around the world. "BP is criticized for operations in relation to oil exploration in the Arctic, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, oil sands and climate change. The artists involved in the protests refer to the agreement between BP and Tate: BP pays Ã, Â £ 224,000 a year to Tate. Tate brings the BP brand in return. In June 2015 a group of artists occupied Tate Modern for 25 hours.
Options from permanent painting collection
See also
- List of the most visited art museums
- List of museums in London
References
Further reading
- Temporary Exhibition at Tate Modern - 2008 to 2016, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5766570.v1
External links
- Official website
- 'Tate Modern: Year of Sweet Success' by Esther Leslie, in Radical Philosophy
- Bankside Power Building (Tate Modern) and Battersea Power Station are compared
- Inside Bankside Power Station with Antony Gormley 1991 on YouTube
- Description of the extension project
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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