Amoco Corporation , originally Standard Oil Company (Indiana) , is a global oil and chemical company established in 1889 around the refinery located in Whiting, Indiana, USA.
This then absorbs the American Oil Company , set up in Baltimore in 1910 and entered in 1922 by Louis Blaustein and his son Jacob. Amoco joined British Petroleum in December 1998, forming BP Amoco. Shortly after the merger, Amoco stations began to change the image that saw the station rename them to the BP marque while continuing to sell Amoco branded fuels. Eventually all traces of the Amoco brand name were omitted and the station adopted the BP branding permanently, even though the Amocco class naming system is still in use.
Enterprise innovation includes two important parts of modern industry, gas tank trucks and drive-through charging stations. Its headquarters is located in Amoco Building (now Aon Center) in Chicago, Illinois.
In October 2017, BP revealed that it would reintroduce Amoco's name to select the US market. As of March 2018, there are currently six new Amoco locations in New York and New Jersey states, with more locations opening soon in more states.
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Overview
Standard Oil (Indiana) was formed in 1889 by John D. Rockefeller as part of Standard Oil's trust. In 1910, with the increasing popularity of cars, the Indiana Standard decided to specialize in providing gasoline to consumers. In 1911, the year became independent of Standard Oil's trust, the company sold 88% of gasoline and kerosene sold in the Midwest. In 1912, he opened his first gas service station in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
When the Standard Oil Trust was destroyed in 1911, the Indiana Standard was given a marketing area covering most of the Midwestern United States, including Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri. It has the exclusive right to use the Standard name in the region. He purchased the Dixie Oil Company of Louisiana in 1919 and began investing in other oil companies outside the Standard marketing area.
Blaustein put his business as American Oil Co. in 1922. In 1923, Blausteins sold half the interest in American Oil to Pan American Petroleum & amp; Transport company in return for guaranteed supply of oil. Prior to this deal, Amoco was forced to rely on Standard Oil of New Jersey, a competitor, for its supply. Standard Oil of Indiana bought Pan American in 1925, started the association of John D. Rockefeller under the name Amoco.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the Indiana Standard opened dozens of more refining and oil drilling facilities. Combined with a new oil purification process, Indiana Standard created the exploration and production business, Stanolind, in 1931. In subsequent years, a period of intense exploration and search for oil-rich fields took place; the company drilled more than 1000 wells in 1937 alone.
Maps Amoco
Channels and oil transport
In 1921, Indiana Standard bought a half-interest in Sinclair Pipeline Company, a subsidiary of Sinclair Oil Corporation, which owns a crude oil pipeline in the western United States. In 1925, he bought a stake in Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company (PAT). The previously acquired company has bought half the interest in the American Oil Company, which markets half of PAT oil in the United States. Indiana Standard raised its stake in PAT to 81 percent in 1929. In 1931, Stanolind completed the acquisition of Sinclair Pipeline and also acquired Sinclair's Petroleum Purchase Company. All pipeline companies are consolidated into the newly established Stanolind Pipe Company. The crude oil purchasing operation became Stanolind Crude Oil Purchasing Company. The headquarters of the pipe company is located in the Philcade building in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1957, all corporate pipe activities were merged into a single entity, named as the Service Channel Company.
Gasoline free lead
While most oil companies switched to bulk lead gasoline during the mid to late 1920s, American Oil chose to continue to market the premium class "Amoco-Gas" (later Amoco Super-Premium) as lead-free gasoline by using aromatics rather than tetraethyllead to increase octane levels, decades before the environmental movement of the early 1970s led to tighter automatic emission controls that ultimately mandated the universal phase of leaded gasoline. The lead-free gasoline "Amoco" is sold at American stations in the eastern and southern parts of the US along with Regular American gasoline, which is leaded fuel. Lead-free Amoco was introduced in the Indiana Standard marketing area in 1970. The Red Crown Regular and White Crown Premium (later Gold Crown Super Premium) marketed by Standard Oil (Indiana) parent company in its main marketing area in the Midwest before 1961 also contained tin.
World War II
World War II follows this period of exploration; Indiana Standard participates in the war effort, finding new ways of perfection and even how to generate TNT faster and easier. In addition, the Indiana Standard significantly contributes to aviation and gasoline needed for Allied forces. Also, during the war, the Indiana Standard created its chemical division, formed from the merger of Pan American Chemicals and Indoil Chemical Company.
Post-war
In the late 1940s, after World War II, the Indiana Standards again focused on improving and advancing domestic oil. In 1947, Indiana Standard was the first company to drill offshore, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in 1948, Stanolind Oil created Hydrafrac, a well hydraulic fracturing process that increased oil production worldwide. Initially the Hydrafrac process was given exclusively to Halliburton.
In 1952, Standard Oil of Indiana was ranked as the largest domestic oil company. It has 12 refineries in the United States, markets its products in 41 states, has 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of crude pipelines, 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of stem lines, and 1,700 miles (2,700 km) of pipeline products.
In 1956, the Pan-Am station in the southeastern part of the US was renamed the Amoco station.
In 1961, Indiana Standard reorganized its marketing by assigning responsibility to the American Oil Company's unit of operations for its nationwide retail operations under the Standards name within the marketing area of ​​Indiana Standard (Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin and Wyoming) and under the American name outside the region. Both brands share the same redesigned torch and oval logo to facilitate national identification. The name Utoco used in the southwestern Indiana Indiana region was replaced by the American name. The Amoco name continues to be used outside the US and as a brand on certain American Petroleum products.
Soon after, the company began to grow. With an exploration office in Canada, Indiana Standard is now an international gas company. Indiana Standard created several new factories and claimed new oil fields in this period, as the company prospered in the postwar boom. In 1971, all divisions of the Indiana Standard included Amoco's name including American Oil named Amoco Oil with an American station renamed Amoco station. In 1975, Amoco began phasing in the name of Amoco in the old Indiana Indiana sales territory. Standard Oil Company (Indiana) was officially renamed Amoco Corporation in 1985. Carlin's Amoco Station was built in Roanoke, Virginia around 1947; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
Chemical production
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Indiana Standard regained the lead with scientific and technological discoveries. Indiana Standard invented PTA, a chemical for polyester fiber production. In 1968, after the discovery, Indiana Standard acquired Avisun Corporation and Patchogue-Plymouth, formed the Company of Amoco Cloth and Fibers.
Global expansion
In the following decades, Amoco expanded globally, built factories, oil wells or markets in over 30 countries, including Italy, Australia, Britain, Belgium, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, Norway, Venezuela, Russia , China, Trinidad and Tobago, and Egypt. In addition, the company also acquired Tenneco Oil Company and Dome Petroleum Limited divisions, becoming one of the largest oil companies in the world.
Sponsors
1968-72 (as an American Oil Company) the company sponsors American Freeway Patrol (AFP) in the San Diego metropolitan area as part of the service station expansion into Southern California. The American Freeway Patrol drove barrier-free and helped disabled riders at no cost, and gave a helicopter traffic report to a local radio station that was a breakthrough at the time. Don Langford, with KFWB (AM) Los Angeles, joined American Freeway Patrol, San Diego, as a traffic reporter at KOGO-AM-FM, KSON (AM), KITT (FM) San Diego and KMLO (AM) Vista.
In 1976, Amoco (under the name " Standard ") sponsored the Barney Oldfield Speedway attraction at the Marriott's Great America theme park in Gurnee, Illinois. Although the sponsorship deal ended when Marriott sold the park to Six Flags in 1985, the Standard logo is still visible in all the Barney Oldfield Speedway (now the Great America Raceway) cars.
In 1988, legendary Mario Andretti rider drove Amoco Ultimate Lola/Chevrolet to Newman/Haas Racing at the Indianapolis 500 and all season in the CART IndyCar World Series. Andretti gave great publicity to Amoco by winning races in Phoenix and Cleveland that year, part of his 52 career IndyCar won. Andretti also appeared on Amoco television commercials aired on local racing markets as part of IndyCar's sponsorship campaign.
Dave Blaney drove the Pontiac # 93 Grand Prix under Amoco's sponsorship of the NASCAR Cup Series from 1997 to brand collapse in 2001.
Incident
August 27, 1955, saw an explosion at an oil refinery in Whiting, Indiana, causing devastating damage, and continued to burn for eight days.
On 16 March 1978, Amoco Cadiz's immense aircraft carrier ran ashore in northern Landunvez, Finistère, Brittany, France, causing one of the largest oil spills in history. More than a decade later, Amoco was ordered to pay $ 120 million in damages and restitution to France.
On October 21, 1980, an explosion at the Amoco plant in New Castle, Delaware, killed six people, causing property losses of $ 46 million, eventually resulting in a loss of 300 jobs.
In the 1980s and 1990s, six former Amoco chemical engineers in Naperville, Illinois, research campuses developed a deadly form of brain cancer. Researchers who conducted a three-year study of cancer groups determined that cancer cases were linked to the workplace, but they were unable to identify the source of the worker's disease. In June 2010, BP demolished Building 503, where employees work. According to a company spokeswoman, the building was "underutilized", and "necessary firm upgrades are considered too expensive." The heir of one of the cancer workers won a $ 2.75 million lawsuit against BP Amoco in 2000.
Merger with BP
On August 11, 1998, Amoco announced it would join British Petroleum (BP) in the world's largest merger industry. Initially, the plan is that all US BP service stations will be converted to Amoco while all Amoco service stations abroad will be converted to BP. But in 2004, BP announced that all Amoco service stations would be closed or renamed to BP service stations, including other stations still using the name "Standard". BP also selected its gasoline brand under the name Amoco, converting middle and premium offerings to Silver and Ultimate brands used by Amoco. In 2008, the brand "Amoco Fuels" has largely been stopped for "BP Gasoline with Invigorate." However, the Amoco brand remains alive because BP continues to sell Silver and Ultimate under the name BP.
In addition, some BP stations continue to operate under the name Amoco. Mostly converted into BP, disassembled and replaced with BP-style stations, abandoned, or redirected to competing brands. On April 1, 2010 in Mississippi Chevron bought some gas stations BP which is Amoco, to convert them to the Texaco brand.
In the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, there have been reports in the media that BP is reconsidering its own rebranding as Amoco in the US. Some independently owned BP stations, including the former Amoco station, are switching to different brands due to falling public relations as a result of the oil spill.
Brand relaunch
Announced on October 10, 2017, that BP will bring the Amoco brand back, after a nearly decade absence. BP has stated that the first station will be relaunched in 2017. Their intention to relaunch the brand is to capture more of the US fuel industry. Several Gulf stations are branded as Amoco stations on Long Island, New York starting in November 2017.
Logo
The Indiana logo The first standard was inaugurated in 1926 after a competition. This logo features circles, representing strength, stability, and dependence, with the words "Standard Oil Company (Indiana)" in red. The inner circle represents the service cycle to the customer. The Services word is written inside the circle. In addition, the logo also has a torch with a flame, symbolizing progress. This logo appears in the gas station building. The roadside sign is a blue box with the words "STANDARD SERVICE" in white letters.
At the same time, American Oil introduced in 1932 a logo that was the first name to be named "Amoco". This displays the ellipse divided into three sections horizontally; the top and bottom are red, and the center has a black background with white writing. This logo is used in the northeastern part of the US.
The new logo was developed by Indiana Standard and was introduced in 1946. It combines the Standard torch with Amoco ovals. Oval color, from top to bottom, red, white, and blue. The new logo is called "Torch and Oval (T & amp; O)". In some parts of the country where a company can not use the name "Standard", the logo says "Utoco" or "Pan-Am". When the name "Pan-Am" is replaced by "Amoco", it marks the first time a torch and an oval is used with the name Amoco. The red and black logo continues to be used in the northeast and maps distributed by Amoco in the late 1950s to 1960 show both logos.
In 1961, torches and ovals were redesigned with a flat oval design and a more contemporary torch with a Standard logo or US name logo in the US and an Amoco name outside the US.
The next updated logo in 1971 enhanced the previous one. It features a blue bottom and a slimmer torch. In addition, the word "Standard" becomes in italics and thicker. This is used by Midwestern station owners who have the option to use the Amoco name (better known in the East and South) or use a more familiar Standard name. Owners use it until they are converted to BP or other brands.
The final Amoco logo of the company in 2002 simply changed the name on the logo to "Amoco". The logo features a familiar torch and split ellipse.
Currently, BP still uses the name Amoco, albeit with another logo. BP currently uses the logo under the helios BP main logo. The italicized word "Amoco" is shown after the horizontal red, white, and blue lines, taken from an ellipse shared from the previous Amoco logo. This logo exists before the acquisition, and is used primarily in pumps and canopy service stations. Since the merger, the black background has been replaced with a green color, to symbolize the new parent company.
Although some Amoco stations still use logos before, most have since been converted into BP livery. In St. Louis, Missouri, the largest Amoco sign in the world, both before and after the company dies, still stands. It stands at the intersection of Clayton Road, Skinker Boulevard, McCausland Avenue, and Interstate 64. It is visible up to two miles away on the interstate. Most of the surviving Amoco stations are stored so that BP can continue to hold trademarks for Amoco and Standard.
In May 2008, the US BP station largely discontinued the use of the "Amoco Fuels" logo when BP introduced its new fuel brand, "BP Gasoline with Invigorate". BP still uses the Silver and Ultimate brands for medium and premium gasoline.
For the revival of 2017, the Amoco logo gets a new and modern refresher for their "torch and oval" image.
References
External links
- Official website (Archive)
- The History of Amoco - in BP
- BP's official website for the newly-raised Amoco brand
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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