Vermont's electricity needs are served by over twenty utilities. The biggest one is Green Mountain Power, a subsidiary of Gaz Metro which recently also took over Central Vermont Public Service. Together, this company represents 70% of retail customers in Vermont. The state is a small consumer of electricity compared to other countries. Therefore, the electricity sector has the lowest carbon footprint in the country. In 2010, the country had the lowest wholesale electricity costs in New England. Vermont's efficiency is involved in aggressive initiatives to trim residential electricity wastes, which often identify other problems (leakage, pest entry, fungus, fouling) that it claims can save hundreds per household per year. Thus, the overall energy bill of Vermont is also relatively lower than in other New England states.
Vermont is also arguably the most technologically advanced transmission network in the US, linked with 1,300 miles (2,100 km) of fiber optic cables available not only for intelligent network applications but also for connectivity needs for Vermont communities. The state-owned VELCO (Vermont Electric Power Company) transmission utility has marketed this capacity for city broadband, WISP and commercial ISPs as backhaul.
Video Energy in Vermont
Fuel vehicles
Vermont, like most US, relies on gasoline and diesel fuel as the main vehicle. Electric vehicle charging stations are still rare in rural areas, and electric vehicles (whose batteries are affected by cold climates) are not widely used.
Maps Energy in Vermont
Heating
Half of all Vermont households heat their homes with fuel oil. Another 36% use natural gas or propane, and 12% use wood. Nearly 20% use more than one type of heating system. Wood thrives in Vermont and in rural areas many people rely on their own woodlots, or locally harvested timbers, as the main source of warming their homes. Insurance usually requires a power source or fossil as well so the wood stove and stove are not abandoned. Vermont Efficiency encourages and facilitates transitions to heavier household insulation, ground source heat pumps, electric separation pumps, and wood burning stoves and EPA-approved wood burners.
Industrial and agricultural uses
The direct utilization of wind, water, solar and geothermal power by industrial plants and factories is now very rare in the state except for some artisan or demonstration projects or museums. Windmills are still used for water pumping in some areas but increasingly it generates electricity to drive pumps on demand, rather than operating only when the wind is blowing.
Electricity
Grid
Vermont has one of the most advanced smart grid implementations in the United States. In 2012 the state, VELCO and all 20 utility distributions built (with IBM contractors) 17 terabit dark-fiber optical networks capable for all electrical substations in Vermont, at a cost of approximately $ 53 million recovered from operating savings (mostly offensive prevention). In contrast to other intelligent network initiatives in Tennessee and Virginia, where universal fiber cable communication connectivity is the primary goal, VELCO cites "internal bandwidth, two-way communication" internally for synchophasors "and latency-sensitive protocols that respond to demand shifts below 50 miles half a second) to prevent problems.
About 1,300 miles (2,100 km) of fiber are deployed to 65 main substations, reaching nearly 70 percent of Vermont cities. This capacity is considered in the Vermont 10-year Telecommunications Plan setting that will "basically require fiber optic broadband speeds to every Vermont home by 2024" as mandated by the National Broadband Plan (USA). Providers like ECFiber have reached many Vermont cities using public backhaul. By 2015, the FCC decides to support the public and thus also subsidizes the ratepayer that achieves economic development goals. Thus, there is no regulatory constraint to deploy network fibers for this need.
Supply
By 2013, the total summer generation capacity in Vermont is 1,235 megawatts.
Import
Since the 1980s, the country has moved to Quebec, its northern neighbor, to meet some of its energy needs. The first long-term supply contract was signed between the Vermont utility and the government-owned Hydro-QuÃÆ' Â © on July 25, 1984. The contract was renewed for 26 years in an agreement signed in 2010.
Despite the closure of Vermont Yankee, the state continues to rely on nuclear fission power imported from Seabrook Nuclear Power Station in NH.
Renewable energy
In May 2009, Vermont invented the first state-renewable energy-feed law. In 2010, there were about 150 methane fattening in the country, Vermont led the nation by six online.
The country has 78 hydroelectric dams with a combined capacity of 143 MW, about 12 percent of the country's total needs. Experts in Vermont estimate that the country has the capacity to produce 134 to 175 MW of electricity from hydropower.
Transmission
All Vermont utilities gained their power from the pathway run by ISO New England. Each utility pays a part of the power transmission through this path. The Vermont section is about 4.5 percent. The unique aspect of the Vermont power system is Vermont Electric Power Company (VELCO.) VELCO is a utility whose primary purpose is to maintain the country's primary transmission line that drives electricity through the country and deliver it to the various utilities facing the customer. systems around the state. VELCO is collectively owned by utilities overlooking the country's customers and operates a higher voltage 115 kV, 345 kV, and statewide HVDC lines as well as a major transmission substation. Utility customers, such as Green Mountain Power, maintain a low voltage sub-transmission line (under 69 kV) that brings power from the main VELCO transmission substations to smaller distribution and distribution lines that bring power from the substation to customers.
Request
In 2005, the population of the country used an average of 5,883 kilowatt hours of electricity per capita. Another source said that every household consumes 7,100 kilowatt-hours each year in 2008.
Retail sales in 2013 reach 5.5 million MWh.
Retail industry structure
Vermont does not allow customers to shop for competitive energy suppliers. The utility of a single state-owned investor, Green Mountain Power Corporation, serves about 80 percent of Vermont customers. The remaining customers are served by two nonprofit cooperative utilities and 14 municipal utilities. GMP became the largest state power company through a merger with Central Vermont Public Service (CVPS) in 2012.
Cost (for consumer)
While Vermont paid the lowest rates in New England for power in 2007, it still ranks among the eleven highest states in the country; about 16 percent higher than the national average. By 2017, retail electricity tariffs are $ 0.17 per kwh, differing directly from rates in other countries such as Delaware, where the retail rate is $ 0.07-0.09 per kwh. In 2009, the state had the highest energy levels (including warming) in the US and the nation's worst coverage of affordability.
The country's strategy to reduce costs focuses on reliability, extinction and maintenance, including the launch of one of the most connected US intelligence network infrastructure, at a cost of $ 53 million, is fully paid by the savings, starting in 2012. Increased economic activity due to reliable strength and broadband is expected to further deploy rural power grid maintenance costs across the larger tax base.
Vermont Efficiency estimates that savings of about $ 300/year can be achieved simply by effectively monitoring power usage through passive device replacement and by monitoring made possible by home automation or by smart meters. In the above comparison, if Vermont deregulates the electricity market and allows outside power suppliers to bid on energy provision, such as Delaware, families that use 1,000 kwh per month can see a 50% reduction in their bill, or $ 90 per month, or $ 1080 per year. This goes far beyond the Vermont Efficiency targets. Countries have been aggressive in helping peak-affected people to identify waste and remove it, and focus on reducing energy bills overall rather than reducing interest rates. However, only a small amount of energy can be saved, and at some point homeowners will decide to "use" electricity instead of spending enormous amounts of money to completely remodel their homes and buy new, more efficient equipment.
History
James Bay
Vermont became involved in the controversy over the construction of the Hydro Quebec hydrogen power plant in the 1980s and 1990s. It was one of those customers who refused to buy imported electricity from Quebec until James Bay Cree and Inuit had signed the agreement. In 2010 these issues are deemed to have been fully completed and the comprehensive agreement between Quebec and Vermont ensures reliable supply of hydroelectric power through a very large HQ transmission corridor.
Vermont Yankee
The Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant was commissioned in 1972.
Vermont through 2010 has the highest nuclear power level in the country, 73.7 percent. Vermont is also one of two states that do not have coal-fired power plants, which nuclear proponents are often cited as an excuse to keep them open.
Anti-nuclear political concerns escalated after Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and especially the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011. There was consistent political pressure to close Vermont Yankee since it opened, and this increases as aging crops.
In 2010, most of the energy was purchased wholesale for distribution from the Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant and Hydro-QuÃÆ' Â © bec. The cost in Vermont Yankee is about 3 to 5 cents per kilowatt hour.
In August 2013, Entergy announced that economic factors, particularly lower electricity costs provided by competing natural gas power plants, forced to stop operations and schedule decommissioning of the plant, which occurred at the end of 2014.
When nuclear power plants were first built in the 20th century, they were designed for a lifetime of 30-40 years. They can survive beyond this lifetime, and regularly receive license renewals over 40 years.
See also
- Energy in the United States
- Green Mountain Energy (Texas, formerly Vermont)
Note
Further reading
- Map of Vermont energy coverage by the company
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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