Public Toilets is a room or a small building with one or more toilets (or urinal) available for use by the general public, or by a customer or employee of a business. Public toilets are usually separated into male and female facilities, although some are unisex, especially for small or single-occupancy public restrooms. More and more, public toilets can be accessed by people with disabilities. Public toilets are known by many other names depending on the country. Examples are: "toilets," "toilets," "bathrooms," "water closets" (W.C), "cozy rooms", and "women/women's rooms" and "men's/women's toilets". "
Some public toilets are free of charge while others charge a fee. In the latter case they are also called paying for the toilet and sometimes have coin-operated turnstiles.
Local authorities or commercial businesses may provide public toilet facilities. Some are not guarded while others are managed by an officer. In many cultures, it is customary to tip officers, especially if they provide special services, as may be the case in upscale nightclubs or restaurants.
Public toilets are usually found in schools, offices, factories, and other workplaces. Similarly, museums, cinemas, bars, restaurants, entertainment venues usually provide public toilets. Train stations, refueling stations, and public transport vehicles such as trains, ferries and airplanes usually provide toilets for general use. Portable toilets are often available at large outdoor events. In many Asian countries, Africa, and countries strongly influenced by Muslim culture, public toilets are a type of squat, as these are considered more hygienic for shared facilities.
Video Public toilet
Alternate name
Public toilets are known by many names in various types of English. In American English, "toilets" usually show toilet facilities designed for public use; However, the "bathroom" is also common. "Comfort station" sometimes refers to the visitor's welcome center as in the national park.
In Canadian English, public facilities are often called "washrooms," although their use varies regionally. The word "toilet" generally shows the equipment itself rather than the room. The word "toilet" is rarely used to mean "utility room" or "mud space" as in some parts of the United States. "Bathroom" is generally used to refer to a room in the house that contains a bathtub or shower.
In the UK, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand, the terms used are "public toilets", "public rest rooms" (abbreviated "lav"), "public convenience", and more informally, "public toilets". "Bathroom" is a room that contains a bathtub, "washroom" is a room to wash hands, and "washroom" is a space to rest when tired; none of which contain toilet. Like public toilets traditionally signed as "gentlemen" or "women," the everyday terms "master rooms" and "women's rooms", or simply "gentlemen" and "women" are used to denote the facility itself.. The British Toilet Association, sponsor of Loo of the Year Award, refers to public toilets collectively as "away-from-home" toilets.
In Philippine English, "comfort room", or "C.R.", is the most commonly used term.
Some European languages ​​use cognate words with "toilet" (eg les toilettes in French), or "W.C." initialism, short for "water closet", the old term for toilet flush. The public urinal ( pissoir ) is known in several Roman languages ​​as Roman Emperor: vespasienne in French, vespasiani in Italian, and vespasiene in Romania.
Mosques, madrassas (schools), and other Muslim places are gathered, having a "ablution room" room separated sexually because Islam requires special procedures to clean up parts of the body before the prayer. These rooms are usually adjacent to the toilet, which is also subject to Muslim health jurisprudence and Islamic toilet etiquette.
Maps Public toilet
Type
Many public toilets are small permanent buildings visible to people passing by on the street. Others are underground, including older facilities in the UK and Canada. Contemporary street toilets include self-cleaning toilets inside a complete pod; for example is Sanisette, which was first popular in France. The Indian version of this automated toilet toilet, which is monitored remotely by the sensor, is the Electronic Public Toilet or eToilets; they have mushroomed all over the country since 2014, as part of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, a campaign launched that year to end the indiscriminate defecation.
Another traditional type that has been modernized is the filtered French street urinal known as pissoir ( vespasienne ). Urinal updated cylinders that degrade below the road surface and appear during the hours when needed are Urilift Pop Up Urinal. Usually installed in the entertainment district and only operates during weekends, nights and evenings. This urinal brand, created in the Netherlands, also offers pop-up toilets for women.
Private companies can maintain a permanent public toilet. The companies are then allowed to use the outer surface of the enclosure for advertising. Installation is part of a street furniture contract between out-of-home advertising companies and municipalities, and allows general convenience to be installed and maintained without the need for funds from the city budget.
A variety of portable toilet technologies are used as public toilets. Portables can be moved to places where and when needed and popular in outdoor festivals and events. Portable toilets can be connected to a local sewage system or store waste in a storage tank until emptied by a vacuum truck. The portable composting toilet necessitates the transfer of the container to the composting facility. [6]
The standard public-accessible toilets have wider doors, enough space to rotate, lower sinks, and handles for safety. Features above and beyond this standard are supported by the Changing Places campaign. Features include a hoist for adults, a full-size change bench, and space for up to two caregivers.
Destination
As a "far-from-home" toilet room, public toilets can provide far more than access to toilets to urinate and defecate. People also wash their hands, use mirrors for treatment, get drinking water (eg fill bottled water), attend to menstrual hygiene needs, and use the trash. Public toilets can also be a place of harassment of others or illegal activities, especially if the Crime Prevention principles through environmental design (CPTED) are not applied in the design of the facility.
Health aspects
Public toilets play a role in public health and individual well-being. Where toilets are available, people can enjoy physical events and activities in their communities. By letting people get out of their cars and on their feet, bicycles and mass transit, public toilets can contribute to improving environmental health. Mental wellbeing is enhanced when people come out with family and friends and know where to "go" is available.
Public restrooms serve people who are "challenged toilets". [9] Firstly, some people have to go frequently, including the elderly and young, women who are pregnant or are menstruating, and those with some medical conditions. Secondly, some people need immediate toilets, suddenly and without warning: such as those with chronic conditions such as Crohn's disease and colitis, and those temporarily suffering from food-borne diseases. [9]
Inability to meet essential physiological needs because no available toilets contribute to health problems such as urinary tract infections, kidney infections, and digestive problems that can later develop into severe health problems. Inadequate access to toilets when needed may cause substantial problems for men with prostate problems, women who are menstruating or will experience menopause and anyone with urinary and fecal incontinence.
If bus and truck drivers on scheduled schedules have difficulty accessing toilets, this puts them at risk of bladder and digestive health problems. Furthermore, if the concentration of drivers in urgent need is compromised, it becomes a wider public security issue.
Therefore, workers have the legal right to access toilets during their working days. In the United States, the Department of Labor Health and Safety protects workers' rights to toilet breaks due to documented health risks. The right to be protected is a function of the workplace and is lost when the worker leaves the workplace.
According to the Australian Government, more than 3.8 million Australians of all ages are estimated to suffer from continental problems. It represents 18% of Australia's population. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and Aging maintains a National Public Toilet Map to enable people to find nearby facilities.
Public toilets are an essential element in the physical and social infrastructure of the community, without which people can not participate in their communities with dignity and self-confidence.
Design
Entry
Entry without doors
Modern public restrooms can be designed with labyrinth entrances (doorless entrances), which prevent the spread of diseases that may occur when in contact with doors. Doorless entry provides visual privacy while offering security measures by allowing voice to pass. The doorless entries also help prevent vandalism; fewer hints could be heard for someone else coming in to prevent some vandals. The doorless entry can also be achieved simply by keeping the existing door propped open, closed only when necessary.
Coin-operated entries
Paying for a toilet usually has some form of coin-operated turnstile, or they have an attendant who collects fees.
Service access
Modern public toilets often have service entrances, utility lines, and the like, running behind all equipment. The sensor is installed in a separate room, behind equipment. Usually a separate room is just a narrow corridor or hallway.
Sensor
Sensor-operated equipment (faucets, soap dispensers, hand dryers, paper towel dispensers) prevent the spread of disease by allowing customers to avoid the need to touch common surfaces. Sensor-operated toilets also help conserve water by limiting the amount used per flush, and require less regular maintenance. Each sensor looks through a small window into every fixture. Sometimes the metal plate where the sensor window is bolted from behind, to prevent damage. In addition, all electrical appliances are securely behind the wall, so there is no danger of electric shock. However, RCCB should be used for all such electrical appliances.
Exposure
The service lighting consists of windows running all the streets outside the toilet using electric lights behind the windows, to create the illusion of extensive natural light, even when the toilet is underground or has no access to natural light. The windows are sometimes made of glass bricks, permanently cemented in place. Lighting installed in the service tunnel running on the outside of the toilet provides optimal security from electric shock (keeps the light outside the toilet), cleanliness (no cracks or crevices), security (no way for intruders to access light bulbs), and aesthetics (a clean architectural line that maintains the continuity of any aesthetic design that exists, for example industrial urban aesthetics that work well with glass bricks).
Cistern (tank)
Older toilets rarely have service channels and often in old modernized toilets, toilet tanks are hidden inside a tile on a specially constructed 'box'. Often older toilets still have high-level water tanks on the service line. Outside, the toilet is rinsed by a handle (like a regular low-level toilet) although behind the wall it activates the chain. Sometimes long sprinklers are used to allow cabinets to be watered repeatedly without waiting for the tank to be refilled. The trends of tank hiding and equipment behind the wall began in the late 1930s in the United States and in Britain from the 1950s, and by the late 1960s it was unusual for the toilet tanks to be seen in public toilets. However, in some buildings such as schools, water tanks can still be seen, although high-level water tanks are out of date in the 1970s. Many schools now have low-level cisterns.
Schedule
Public toilets by nature see heavy use, so they can rely on flushometers with a stronger and harder flush than house toilets. Some high vandalism settings, such as beaches or stadiums, will use metal toilets. Public toilets generally contain some of the following fixtures.
In the locked booth (stall)
- Toilet with toilet seat; while the toilet seat in the house has a cover, public toilets may or may not be
- Toilet paper, often inside a lockable dispenser
- Coat hook
- "Pull-down" purse holder
- Sanpro bin for menstruation products; this can be classified as clinical waste and subject to special disposal regulations
- Dispenser for toilet seat cover flushable paper
At the point handwashing
- Faucet (tap), note some are on the lower level for wheelchair users and children
- Antiseptic handwashing dispenser or soap dispenser, pump bottle or automatic dispenser
- Mirror (usually above sink)
- Paper towel dispensers (sometimes they have an automatic sensor to remove without touch)
- Trash can (trash)
- Hand dryer (used manually or with automatic sensor)
Elsewhere
- Urinal (almost exclusively in men's and boys' bathrooms despite looking at female urinal)
- The vending machine removes condoms, diapers, painkillers, energy drinks, perfumes, candy bars, facial tissues, confectionery, underwear, swimsuits, soaps, sex toys, or sanitary napkins or tampons
- Air fresheners or odor control system
- Baby changing tables, often fold-to-bottom (usually in women's rooms, but more and more in men's rooms, due to legal changes)
- Sometimes rain is present, often with soap, shampoo, or similar dispensers (often at truck stops)
Cost and economy
User fees
The toilets that require the user to pay may be street furniture or inside the building, eg. shopping center, shopping center, or train station. The reason for charging money is usually for equipment maintenance. Paying for toilet use can be traced back nearly 2,000 years, until the first century AD. Payments can be made by a bathroom attendant, or by a coin operated door or a coin door (see John Nevil Maskelyne, who found the door lock requiring the insertion of a penny, making it a euphemism to "spend a cent".) The union was installed in 1910 in Terre Haute, Indiana.
It is theorized that paying for the toilet disproportionately affects women.
Privatization and closing
In some places, public toilet facilities are under great pressure. One response by public authorities is to close buildings, often citing criminal activity. The British Government's austerity program has led to a massive board cut to public toilet provision, with a direct effect on the public sphere as a whole. Some buildings, especially underground ones, are sold and used for other purposes, for example as a bar.
Another response is to privatize the toilet, so that public goods are provided by contractors, just like private prisons. The toilet may belong in the category of privately owned public space - anyone can use it, but the land eventually belongs to the corporation in question. When privatized toilets are not properly run, or closed down, there may be calls to bring them back to the control of public authorities, such as the Westminster Council in central London - one of the richest places in the world, where community members are reduced to urinating in parks and roads due to lack of available facilities.
Toilets for customers
Customers often expect retail stores and shopping centers to offer public toilets. Subscribers rank free toilets very high, and their availability affects shopping behavior. By offering customers appropriate toilets, retail stores and shopping centers can increase their profits and their image; However, many retailers do not pay attention to the toilet facilities of their customers. Due to the potential of customers' toilets to increase profits and improve store image, retailers can benefit from toilets as a marketing investment rather than property costs. Some businesses, such as Starbucks, officially choose to let anyone use their toilet, without having to buy anything.
Society and culture
Unisex (gender neutral)Public toilets are usually separated by sex, except for use by persons with disabilities. In many cultures, this separation is so characteristic that the male or female pictograms are often sufficient to show the facility, without explicit reference to the equipment itself. In restaurants and other private locations, identification can be designed to customize the decoration of the premises. Some toilets also work, in part, as a dressing room (locker room), because of its gender-separated nature. For example, in coastal areas, some buildings are equipped with benches so people can swim in or out of their bathing suits.
Amnesty International incorporates a separate toilet in the list of suggested actions to ensure the safety of girls and women in schools. In jurisdictions using Uniform Plumbing Codes in the US, sex segregation is a legal mandate through building codes. In many places, women's toilet lines are longer than toilets for men; the attempt to overcome this is known as potty parity.
In the 21st century, with the lobbying of the transgender rights movement, several initiatives have called for a gender-neutral public restroom, also called a public toilet unisex (also called gender inclusive, gender neutral or all sex).
Many public toilets have individual or gender-neutral facilities. They can accommodate people with disabilities, the elderly who may need assistance from other gender caregivers, or other cases where gender-disaggregated facilities can cause discomfort. Neutral benign toilets are also an option in cases where gender-disaggregated are impractical, such as in plane toilets and passenger-train toilets. Disabled toilet facilities, especially those that depend on wheelchairs, may be inappropriate or gender specific. Anthropologist Roger Lancaster draws a historical connection between the racial and sexual splits of public toilets, and proposes a future design that rethinks the public sphere in a way that is "at once inseparable, child-friendly, and disabled accessible".
Graffiti and street art
Public toilets have long been associated with graffiti, often humorous, gossipy, or low-eyed funny (cf. toilet humor). The word latrinalia - from toilet
Because graffiti is incorporated in street art, then some public street-level toilets are beginning to make their visibility features. The Hundertwasser toilet block is a colorful example in Kawakawa, New Zealand, designed by an Austrian artist and seen as an attractive tourist in a small town.
Drugs, vandalism and violent crime
Some public toilets are known for illicit drugs and drug sales, as well as vandalism. This type of criminal activity is related to all "neglected and unattended buildings", not only toilets, and good hygiene and maintenance, and ideally an on-site officer, can act as a protection against these problems.
Cruel crimes in public toilets can be problematic in areas where such crime rates are generally very high. In South Africa, for example, many people report fear of using public toilets. There are several murders published in public toilets, such as the killing of public toilet Seocho-dong in South Korea in 2016. In the US, the famous case is the murder of a 9-year-old boy in 1998 in San Diego Public Toilet.
Anonymous sex
Before the gay liberation movement, public toilets were among the few places where too young men to enter gay bars legally could meet other people they knew for sure to be gay. Many, if not most, gay and bisexual men were locked in, and virtually no public gay social groups were available to those under the legal drinking age. The privacy and anonymity of public toilets provided make them a convenient and attractive location to engage in sexual acts.
Sexual acts in public toilets are prohibited in many jurisdictions (eg the 2003 Sexual Assault Act in the UK). It is likely that the element of risk involved in cottaging makes it an activity that appeals to some people.
Symbols in unicode
Unicode provides several symbols for public toilets.
Legislation
Employees' right to use toilets varies between jurisdictions.
United States
The Toilet Access Act is a law issued by some US states that require retail companies with toilet facilities for employees to also allow customers to use the facility if a customer suffers from inflammatory bowel disease or other medical conditions requiring immediate access to the toilet.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the 1992 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations require companies to provide toilets for their employees, along with laundry facilities including soaps or other appropriate cleaning methods. Approved Workplace Safety (OHS) Code of Conduct and Code of Conduct and Ethics , available from the Health and Safety Executive Book, outlines guidance on the number of toilets to be provided and the type of washing facilities associated with them..
The local authorities are not legally required to provide public toilets, and while in 2008 the House of Representatives and Local Government Committee called for obligations to local governments to develop public toilet strategies, the Government rejected the proposal.
History
Public toilets are part of the ancient Roman Sanitation system, often near or as part of a public bath ( thermae ). In the Middle Ages public toilets became uncommon, with only a few being proved in Frankfurt in 1348, in London in 1383, and in Basel in 1455.
At the beginning of the 19th century, major European cities began installing public toilets: first in Paris, then in Berlin in 1820 and in London in 1851.
George Jennings, a sanitation engineer, introduced a public toilet, which he called "monkey cabinets," to the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851. He also used the "stop station" euphemism, now used in Indian English for a base. to stay attached to the train station. Public toilets are also known as "break rooms" (cf "Reading room", from "to draw", and waiting room.)
Underground public restrooms were introduced in England in the Victorian era, in urban areas built where no space was available to provide them on the ground. The facility is accessible by stairs, and lit by glass brick on the sidewalk. Local health boards often build underground public toilets with high standards, although the provision is higher for men than for women. Most have been closed down because they do not have disabled access, and are more vulnerable to vandalism and sexual encounters, especially in the absence of a maid. Some remain in London, but others have been converted into alternative uses such as cafes, bars and even residences.
In the United States, concerns over public health and sanitation spurred the sanitation movement during the late 1800s. Reforms to standardize plumbing codes and household pipes are supported; the intersection of advances in technology and the desire for cleanliness and disease-free space spur the development of toilets and toilets.
Facilities for women sometimes have a wider emphasis, providing a safe and comfortable private space in the public sphere. The Ladies Rest Room is one example of the use of the term non-euphemism: literally, a place to rest.
Early example of public toilets in the United States is Old School Privy. American architect Frank Lloyd Wright claims to have "created a hanging wall for w.c. (easier to clean below)" when he designed the Larkin Administration Building in Buffalo, New York in 1904.
Racial segregation
In parts of the United States, public toilets are subject to racial segregation, due to Jim Crow's law before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This segregation imposes significant restrictions on the lives of African-Americans. Those who can afford to buy a car can avoid the fall of separate trains and buses, but they have difficulty finding public toilets they are allowed to use. Courtland Milloy of Washington Post recalled that on a cross-country road in the 1950s his parents were reluctant to stop cars to let children escape - it was not safe. One solution to this is to bring a portable toilet (a kind of arrangement like a bucket) in the trunk of the car.
This treatment led to the creation of The Negro Motorist Green Book , a manual that is updated annually. Overcoming discrimination on the road takes some planning:
Uncle Otis had made this trip before, and he knew which places along the way offered "color" bathrooms and better just passing by. Our maps are marked and our routes are planned as such, with the distance between service stations where it will be safe for us to stop.
Once the traveler has found the correct "colored toilet", however, it can function "as a respite from the contempt of the white world", similar to what is now called a safe space.
Gallery
See also
- National Public Toilets Map (in Australia)
- Sanitation
- Spray cleaning and cleaning, professional cleaning methods
References
External links
- British Toilet Association Campaign for Better Public Toilets
- American Restroom Association American Association for the availability of clean, safe and well-designed public toilets
- The Australian National Public Toilet Map shows the locations of over 14,000 public and private public toilets throughout Australia.
- Public Toilet Database Public toilets location in 18 countries. New locations and comments can be added. Detailed information includes geographic coordinates and facility quality.
- Loo Disabled Locator Disabled
- PHLUSH Volunteer advocacy group for public toilets
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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