The pumpjack pump is a ground-top drive for a reciprocating piston pump in an oil well.
This is used to mechanically remove the fluid from the well if there is not enough down-hole pressure for the liquid to flow to the surface. This arrangement is usually used for ground wells that produce less oil. Pumpback is very common in oil-rich areas.
Depending on the size of the pump, it generally produces 5 to 40 liters (1 to 9 Â ° C; 1.5 to 10.5 US gal) of fluid on each stroke. Often this is an emulsion of crude oil and water. The size of the pump is also determined by the depth and weight of the oil to be removed, with deeper extraction requiring more power to move the weight of the increased exhaust column (the waste head).
Pumpjack changes the motor's rotational motion to vertical reciprocating motions to drive the pump shaft, and is exhibited in a typical nodding motion. The technical term for this type of mechanism is the running block. It is often used in the design of stationary and marine steam engines in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Video Pumpjack
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In the early days, pumpjacks worked with a line of horizontal walking rods above the ground to the wheels on an eccentric spin in a mechanism known as central power. The central power, which may operate a dozen or more pumpjacks, will be powered by steam or an internal combustion engine or by an electric motor. Among the advantages of this scheme is to have only one motor to turn on all pumpjacks rather than individual motors for each. However, among the many difficulties is maintaining the balance of the system as an individual burden of change.
The modern pump pump is powered by prime mover. These are generally electric motors, but internal combustion engines are used in remote locations without access to electricity, or, in the case of water pumps, where three phase power is not available (while single phase motors are at least up to 60 hp), providing power to a single phase motor over 10 horsepower can cause powerline problems, and many pumps require more than 10 horsepower). The off-grid general off-pump pump machine runs on natural gas, often producing gas produced from wells, but the pump has been run on many types of fuels, such as propane and diesel. In harsh climates, such motors and engines can be placed in a hut for protection of the elements. Machines that electric water pumps often receive natural gas from the nearby gas network are available.
The main driver runs a set of pulleys to the transmission, often a dual reduction gearbox, which drives a pair of cranks, generally with a counterweight mounted on them to assist the motor in lifting heavy rod assemblies. The crank raises and lowers one free-moving I-beam tip on the A-frame. At the other end of the beam is a curved metal box called a horse's head or a donkey's head, so named for its appearance. Cables made of steel - sometimes, fiberglass - called constraints, connect the horse's head with polished rods, the piston passing through the stuffing box.
The crank itself also produces a counterweight due to its weight, so in a pumpjack that does not carry very heavy loads, the crank's own weight may be sufficient to balance the well burden.
Sometimes, however, a balanced crank unit can become very heavy because of the need for counterweight. Currently, Lufkin Industries offers "air-balanced" units, where the balancer is provided by a pneumatic cylinder filled with air from the compressor, eliminating the need for counterweight.
The polished bar matches the stuffing box, letting it move in and out of the tube without getting out of the liquid. (A pipe is a pipe that flows into the bottom of the well through which it is produced.) The bridle follows the horse's head arch when it lowers and raises to create vertical or almost vertical scratches. The polished bar is connected to a long strand of rod called a sucking rod, which flows through the pipe to the bottom pump of the hole, usually positioned near the bottom of the well.
Maps Pumpjack
Down-hole
At the bottom of the tubing is a down-hole pump. This pump has two check valves: a stationary valve at the bottom called a stand valve, and a valve on the piston connected to the bottom of the suction rod moving up and down as a reciprocating rod, known as a traveling valve. The incoming reservoir fluid from the formation to the bottom of the borehole through the perforation has been made through the casing and cement (the casing is a larger metal pipe that runs the length of the well, which has the cement placed between it and the earth, tubing, pump and sucking rod all inside the casing).
When the rod at the end of the pump moves up, the travel valve is closed and the valve stands open (due to pressure drop in the pump tube). As a result, the pump tube fills with liquid from the formation as the trip piston lifts the contents of the previous barrel up. When the stem starts pressing downwards, the valve travels open and the valve stands shut (due to an increase in pressure in the pump tube). The valve travels down through the liquid in the barrel (which has been sucked during upstroke). The piston then reaches the end of its scratch and starts the track back up again, repeating the process.
Often, the gas is produced through the same perforations as oil. This can be problematic if gas enters the pump, as it can produce what is known as gas locking, where insufficient pressure accumulates inside the pump tube to open the valve (due to gas compression) and little or nothing is pumped. To prevent this, the inlet for the pump can be placed under perforation. As the gaseous fluid enters the wellbore through the perforation, the gas bubbles roll into the annulus (the space between the casing and tubing) while the liquid moves downward to the valve inlet. Once on the surface, the gas is collected through a pipe connected to the annulus.
Water well pump
Pumpjacks can also be used to drive what is now regarded as a water well used old hand pumps. The technological scale is often smaller than the oil well, and can usually fit over the wellhead pumped by the hand. The technology is simple, typically using a parallel-bar double-cam lift that is driven from a low-power electric motor, although the number of pumpjacks with a stroke length of 54 inches (137 cm) and longer is used when the water pump is increased. An example can be found here.
Although the flow rate for the water pump well is lower than that of the jet pump and the water removed is not pressurized, the pumping unit has a hand pumping option in an emergency, by turning the pump hand cam to its lowest position, and attaching a manual grip to the top of the head shaft well. Or in larger pumpjacks that are driven by the engine, the engine can run the fuel stored in the reservoir or from the natural gas sent from the nearest gas network. In some cases, this type of pump consumes less power than a jet pump and therefore is cheaper to run.
See also
- Lift the gas
- Progressive cavity pump
- Sub submersible pump
References
External links
- All Pumped - Oilfield technology, American Oil & amp; Gas Historical Society, updated October 2014
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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