Grindstone , water stone or grindstone is used to sharpen the edges of steel tools and implement them with grinding and sharpening.
Examples of objects that can be sharpened with grindstones include scissors, sickles, knives, razors, and tools such as chisels, hand scrapers, and aircraft knives.
Grindstones have a variety of shapes, sizes, and composition of materials. Stones may be flat, to work flat edges, or shaped for more complex edges, such as those associated with some wood carvings or wooden tools. They may consist of natural quarried materials, or from man-made materials.
Stones are usually available in various levels, which refers to the size of sand abrasive particles in the rock. The grit size is given as a number, indicating the spatial density of the particles. Higher numbers indicate higher density and therefore smaller particles, leading to a finer end of the polished object surface.
Video Sharpening stone
Terminology
Although "grindstones" are often mistaken as references to water that is sometimes used to lubricate the stones, the term is based on the word "whet", which means sharpening the knife instead of the word "wet". The current verb usually used to describe the process of using grindstones is to hone , but the old term to hone is still sometimes used. The term to stone is very rare in the sense that it is no longer mentioned in some of the major dictionaries, for example the Oxford Living Dictionaries.
Maps Sharpening stone
Natural stone versus artificial stone
The Roman historian Pliny describes the use of some natural stone to hone in his Natural History . He explained the use of oil and water stones and provided the location of some ancient sources for these stones.
The use of natural stone for sharpening has been reduced by the availability of extensive artificial stone of consistent and high-quality particle size.
As a result, the legendary Honyama mine in Kyoto, Japan, has been closed since 1967. Currently Belgium has only one mine that still criticizes Coticules and their Belgian Blue Whetstone (BBW) partners.
Modern synthetic stones generally have the same qualities as natural stones, and are often considered superior in performance sharpening due to the consistency of particle size and control over the properties of the stone. For example, the proportional content of an abrasive particles as opposed to a base or "binder" can be controlled to make the stone cut faster or slower, as desired. Natural stone is often appreciated for its natural beauty as a stone and its scarcity, adding value as collecting goods. In addition, each natural stone is different, and there are rare natural stones that contain abrasive particles in a finer sand size than those available in artificial stone.
One of the most respected grindstones is the grayish "Belgian" Cotton, which has been legendary since its edges can be smoothed from Roman times, and have been dug for centuries from the Ardennes. The "Belgium Blue" stones are slightly rougher and more naturally found with yellow coticules in adjacent layers; then there are two sides of the grindstone, with a natural layer between the yellow and blue layers. These are invaluable for their natural elegance and beauty, and to provide both fast cut surfaces to build bevel and finer surfaces to perfect them. This stone is considered one of the best for sharp straight razors.
The hard rock of Charnwood Forest in northwestern Leicestershire, England, has been dug for centuries, and is a source of grindstone and quern stone.
Grindstones and oil stones
Grindstone may be natural or artificial stone. Artificial stone usually comes in the form of a bonded abrasive consisting of ceramics such as silicon carbide (carborundum) or from aluminum oxide (corundum). The bonded abrasive provides faster cutting action than natural stone. They are generally available as two-sided blocks with a rough grit on one side and fine sand on the other allows one stone to meet basic sharpening requirements. Some shapes are designed for specific purposes such as sharpening, sickle, drill or serrations.
Natural stones are usually formed from quartz, such as novaculite. The Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas are noted as the source for this. Novaculite is also found in Syria and Lebanon, formerly a part of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), hence the use of an older name in the American Turkish stone .
When the block is intended for installation on the bench it is called a bench stone. Small and portable stones (generally made of abrasive bonds) are called pocket stones. Being smaller, they are more portable than stone benches but the difficulty is present in maintaining consistent angles and pressures when drawing stones along the larger slats. However, they can still form a nice edge. Often, fine grained pocket rocks are used for sharpening, especially "on the ground". Although homophone with wet in most modern English dialects, grindstones need not be lubricated with oil or water, although it is very common to do so. Lubrication helps cutting action and bringing swarf.
waterstone Japan
Japan has traditionally used natural grinding stones that are lubricated with water (using oil on the waterstone reduces its effectiveness.) They have been doing this for hundreds of years. Japanese geology provides a type of stone consisting of fine silicate particles in clay matrix, somewhat softer than novaculite.
Japanese rocks are also sediments. The most famous is usually mined in the Narutaki District in northern Kyoto.
The value of waterstone
Historically, there are three broad classes of Japanese graffiti: ara-to , or "rough stone", naka-to or "medium/medium stone" and shiage -to or "finishing stone". There is a fourth stone type, nagura , which is not used directly. Instead, it is used to form the slurry slurry at shiage-to , which is often too difficult to make the required slurry. Changing these names to grit size is absolutely difficult because the classes are large and natural stones do not have an inherent "grit number". As an indication, ara-to is possible (using a non-Japanese grading size system) 500-1000 grit. The naka-to may be 3000-5000 grit and shiage-to possibly 7000-10000 grit. The value of synthetic grit currently ranges from very coarse, like 120 grit, to very fine, like 30,000 grit (less than half micrometer of abrasive particle size).
Diamond Plate
The diamond plate is a steel plate, sometimes mounted on a plastic or resin base, coated with sand, abrasive that will grind the metal. When they are installed they are sometimes known as diamond stones. The plate may have a series of cut holes in it that capture the removable swarf when grinding occurs, and cut costs by reducing the amount of abrasive surface area on each plate. Diamond plates can serve many purposes including sharpening steel tools, and for maintaining the flatness of man-made waterstones, which can be grooved or perforated to use. Truing (the smoothing of rocks whose shape has changed when worn away) is widely considered important for the sharpening process but some hand-sharpening techniques utilize high points of incorrect stone. Since the only part of the diamond plate used is a thin layer of sand and adhesive, and on a good diamond plate this wear is minimal because of the diamond hardness, the diamond plate maintains its flatness. Rubbing the diamond plate on a grindstone to correct (smooth) grindstone is a modern alternative to more traditional truing methods.
Diamond plates are available in various sizes of plates (from credit cards to bench plate sizes) and grit levels. Crude grit is used to remove large amounts of metal faster, such as when it forms an edge or restores a damaged edge. Finer grit is used to remove larger grit scratches and fix edges. There are two side dishes with each side coated with different sand.
High quality diamond sharpeners use monocrystalline diamonds, single structures that will not break, giving them excellent lifespan. These diamonds are bonded to precise ground surfaces, arranged in nickel, and adapted. This process locks the diamond in place.
See also
- Sharpening
- Cut the razor
- Scary sharply
- Sharpen sickle
- Hone jig
- Noble arm
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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