The T2 tanker , or T2 , is a class of oil tankers built and produced in large quantities in the United States during World War II. Only the larger T3 tanker "naval warships" in that period. Some 533 T2 were built between 1940 and late 1945. They were used to transport: fuel oil, diesel, gasoline, and sometimes crude-black oil. Post-war many T2s are still in use; like other World War II ships built quickly into a time-honored service, there are security issues. As found during the war, the Coast Guard's United States Coast Guard in 1952 claimed that in cold weather the ships were vulnerable to crack metal fatigue, as well as "belted" with steel ropes. This happened after two T2, Pendleton and Fort Mercer , split in two from Cape Cod within hours of each other. The engineering question into the problem suggests the cause is a poor welding technique. It was found that the steel (which has been successfully used in the design of a riveted ship) is not suitable for welding new welding construction. High sulfur content makes the steel brittle and susceptible to metal fatigue at lower temperatures.
Video T2 tanker
Design
Design T2
The T2 design was inaugurated by the United States Marine Commission as a medium-sized "Defense Tanker", a ship built for merchant services that could be militarized as an additional fleet in wartime. MarCom subsidizes the cost advantages of naval features beyond normal commercial standards. T2 is based on two vessels built in 1938-1939 by Bethlehem Steel for Silicate Vacuum Companies, Carfuel and Mobilube, in contrast to Car ships primarily in the installation of stronger engines for higher speeds. Standard T2 is 501 ft ft in total (152.9 m), with 68 ft (20.7 m) beam. Grossed 9,900 gross tons (GRT), with 15,850 ton deadweight (DWT), the standard T2 displaced approximately 21,100 tonnes. The steam turbine that drives single propellers at 12,000 horsepower (8,900 kW) produces a top speed of 16 knots (30 km/h, 18 mph). Six were built for trading by the Bethlehem-Sparrows Point Shipyard in Maryland, only to be taken over by the US Navy after the attack on Pearl Harbor as Kennebec's oil ship.
Design T2-A
The Keystone Tankships Company ordered five tankers in 1940 from Sun Shipbuilding & amp; Drydock of Chester, Pennsylvania, based on T2 but longer and with increased capacity; Marcom will designate this design T2-A. Larger but faster, they are 526 ft (160.3 m) in total length, displaced about 22,445 tonnes, and rated at 10,600 gross tons with 16,300 DWT - but they reach top speeds nearing 16 1 / 2 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph). All five were requested by the Navy during the war and converted into fleet oil vessels as the Mattaponi class .
T2-SE-A1
By far the most common varieties of T2 type tankers are T2-SE-A1, another commercial design being built in 1940 by the Sun Shipbuilding Company for New Jersey Standard Petroleum Company. They are 523 ft (159.4 m) long, 68 ft (20.7 m) abeam, with 10,448 gross tons registers (GRT) and 16,613 DWT. Their turbo-electric (steam) transmission system produces 6,000 horsepower, with a maximum boost of 7,240 horsepower (5,400 kW), which results in a top speed of about 15 knots (28 km/h, 17 mph) with cruising up to 12,600 miles (20,300 km). After Pearl Harbor, the US Marine Commission ordered this model to be built en masse to supply US warships that were already in accelerated production, and provide for the fuel needs of US forces in Europe and the Pacific, and to replace the tanker tonnage. lost at an alarming rate to the German U-boats. 481 was built in a very short production time by Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding Company from Mobile, Alabama, Kaiser Company in their Swan Island Yard in Portland, Oregon, Marinship Corp. of Sausalito, California, and Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Chester, During that period, the average production time from laying the keel to "fitting out" was 70 days. The notes, however, are held by Marinship, which has Huntington Hills ready for sea trials in just 33 days.
T2-SE-A2 and -A3
The T2-SE-A2 variant, built only by Marinship from Sausalito, is almost identical to the T2-SE-A1 version, except with 10,000 hp (7,500 kW) rather than 7,240. The A3 variation is basically A2 made as a naval lubricant from the beginning, rather than converted later due to many A2.
T3-S-A1
Despite the confusing T3 designation, the T3-S-A1s was built by Bethlehem Sparrows Point for Standard Oil of New Jersey that is identical to the original T2 except having a less powerful engine of 7700 hp. Twenty-five of these designs were ordered by the Maritime Commission, of which five became the Navy's flagship vessel as a class of Chiwawa .
Maps T2 tanker
Important implementation
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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