Lucas Industries plc is a manufacturer of the automotive industry and aerospace industry component based in Birmingham. Once outstanding, it is listed on the London Stock Exchange and was previously a constituency of the FTSE 100 Index. In August 1996, Lucas joined the American Varity Corporation to form LucasVarity plc.
After LucasVarity was sold to TRW, the Lucas brand name was licensed for its brand equity to Elta Lighting for an aftermarket auto parts in the UK. Lucas's trademark is currently owned by ZF Friedrichshafen, which maintains Elta's arrangements.
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Histori
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In the 1850s, Joseph Lucas, a six-year-old unemployed father, sold paraffin oil from a wheelbarrow around the streets of Hockley. In 1860, he founded the company that would become Lucas Industries. His 17-year-old son, Harry joined the firm around 1872. Initially it made general-purpose metal articles, including potted plants, spoons and buckets, and then in 1875 lamps for ships. Joseph Lucas & amp; Son based at Little King Street from 1882 and then Great King Street Birmingham.
1902 to World War I
In 1902, what became Joseph Lucas Ltd, founded in 1898, began manufacturing automotive electrical components such as magnets, alternators, windshield wipers, horns, lightings, wires and starter motors. The Company started its main growth in 1914 with a contract to supply Morris Motors Limited with electrical equipment. During the First World War, Lucas made shells and fuses, as well as electrical equipment for military vehicles. Until the early 1970s, Lucas was a major supplier to British manufacturers (such as BSA, Norton and Triumph) from magnets, dynamos, alternators, switches and other electrical components.
World War I-Expansion
After the First World War the company developed rapidly, branched into products such as braking systems and diesel systems for the automotive industry and hydraulic actuators and electronic engine control systems for the aerospace industry. In 1926 they got an exclusive contract with Austin. Around 1930, Lucas and Smiths made trade agreements to avoid competition in their respective markets. During the 1920s and 1930s, Lucas grew rapidly by taking over a number of their competitors such as Rotax and C.A.Vandervell (CAV). During WW2, Lucas was involved by Rover to work on combustion systems and fuel for the Whittle jet engine project that made burners. This is because of their experience of producing sheet metal and CAV for pumps and injectors. In the 1950s (the exact date required) they started a semiconductor manufacturing plant to make rectifiers and transistors.
Lucas Plan (1976)
In 1976, militant forces inside Lucas Aerospace faced significant layoffs. Under the leadership of Mike Cooley, they developed the Lucas Plan to turn companies from weapons into making socially useful products, and saving jobs. The plan was described at the time by the Financial Times as "one of the most radical alternative plans ever made by workers for their company," and by Tony Benn as "one of the most extraordinary exercises ever in British industrial history ". The plan takes one year to collect, comprising six volumes of approximately 200 pages each, and includes designs for the proposed 150 items for manufacture, market analysis and proposals for employee training and corporate organizational restructuring.
The plan was not enforced but claimed that the industry-related action saved some jobs. In addition, the Plan has an impact beyond Lucas Aerospace: according to a 1977 article in New Statesman, the philosophical and technical implications of the plan are now being discussed on average twenty-five times a week in the media international ". Workers at other companies then initiate similar initiatives elsewhere in the UK, the continent of Europe, Australia and the United States, and the Plan is also supported by and influences the work of radical scientists such as the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science and the community, peace and environmental activists by spreading the idea of ​​encouraging socially useful production. The Proposal Plan also had an influence on the economic development strategy of a number of left-wing Labor councils, such as the West Midlands, Sheffield, Cleveland and Greater London Council, where Cooley was appointed Director of Technology from the London Enterprise Board after being fired by Lucas in 1981 for his activism. LucasVarity (1996)
In August 1996, Lucas Industries plc joined the North American Corporations Corporation to form LucasVarity plc. Its specific history is included on the LucasVarity page but for the sake of sustainability a key aspect of Lucas's long-standing business history to date, specifically referring to CAV and Lucas Diesel Systems is still included here.
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King of the Road
Harry Lucas designed the hub lights for use in a high bike in 1879 and named the "King of the Road" oil lamp. This name will be associated with Lucas company-made products, to date. However, Lucas does not use the nickname "King of the Road" for every lamp produced. They use this name only on lights and goods at the most prestigious and usually highest prices. This naming format will last until the 1920s when the words "King of the Road" is pressed to the outside edge of the small "lion and obch" motif that often adorns the tops of bicycles and lights of cars. The community was encouraged by Lucas to refer to every Lucas lamp as the "King of the Streets", but strictly speaking, this is very wrong, since most lights throughout the 20th century had names, numbers, or both. Joseph and Harry Lucas formed a joint-stock company with New Departure Bell Co., USA in 1896, so that Lucas's designed bicycle lights could be manufactured in America to avoid import duties.
The name King of the Road was restored in 2013 when Lucas Electrical reintroduced a variety of bicycle lights to England. The name was reserved for Lucas Electrical LED premium bicycle lights.
Acquisitions and agreements
Lucas also gained many of his British competitors:
CAV
CAV Ltd. headquartered in Acton, London manufactures diesel fuel injection equipment for worldwide diesel engine manufacturers and electrical equipment for commercial and military vehicles.
The company was formed by Charles Anthony Vandervell (1870-1955), making accumulators, electric train lights, and switchboard in Willesden.
In 1904 the firm, moved to Warple Way, Acton. The company pioneered the dynamo-charged battery principle and in 1911 produced the world's first lighting system used on double-decker buses. In 1918, 1,000 employees made electric vehicles and aircraft magnets. Wireless components are also manufactured from 1923.
In 1926 CAV was purchased by Lucas. In 1931, CAV in partnership with Robert Bosch Ltd., became CAV-Bosch Ltd. and began manufacturing fuel injection pumps for the diesel industry and then the fuel system for aircraft. Lucas bought Bosch's interest in 1937 and became CAV Ltd in 1939. In 1978, the company's name became Lucas CAV. In 1980, the Acton factory employs some 3,000 people who make heavy-powered electrical equipment for commercial vehicles; nowadays high-volume diesel fuel injection production has been transferred to the larger modern factories in Kent, Suffolk, Gloucestershire and many countries in the whole world. Acton continues to make low volume specialist pumps for the military and for Gardner engines.
The electric business was sold to the US company Prestolite Electric in 1998 and remained at Acton until relocation to nearby Greenford in 2005.
The research of diesel fuel injection equipment, engineering, and manufacturing business is known in later years because Lucas Diesel Systems Ltd continues at all sites worldwide (with the exception of Japan and South Carolina, USA, which have been closed now) and since it 2000 has been owned by Delphi, a component and automotive manufacturer based in the US. The name has been changed to Delphi, and business is a major part of the Delphi Powertrain Division.
Injection business sites around the world: England - Gillingham, Kent; Park Royal, London; Sudbury, Suffolk; Stonehouse, Gloucestershire. France - Blois and La Rochelle. Brazil - SÃÆ' Â £ o Paulo. Mexico - Saltillo. Spain - Sant Cugat, Barcelona. Turkey - Ismir. India - Mannure, Chennai. Korea - Changwon, Busan.
Girling
The company started as a car brake manufacturer after, in 1925, Albert H. Girling (also co-founder of Franks-Girling Universal Postage) patented a forced braking system. In 1929 he sold a patent to a New Hudson company. Girling then developed disc brakes, which succeeded on race cars from the early 1950s to the 1970s. The twisting brakes have character using natural rubber (then nitrile) seals, which causes difficulties for some British American car owners due to incompatibility with US brake fluid.
The braking horizon was taken over by Lucas in 1938, but the patent remained held by New Hudson until it was in turn purchased by Lucas in 1943. Lucas then moved the Bendix brakes and Luvax shock absorber into a new division that became Girling Ltd . Girling products include:
- Brake system
- Coupling system
- Shock absorber
- A hydraulic damp - a short-lived Luvax/Girling cooperation that moderates the movement of the leaf springs up and down by turning the movement into a horizontal back and forth movement from the middle. The hydraulic damper becomes moderate, equally, wheel motion up or down. In this sense they are very different from the shock absorbers, which are mainly moderate wheel movements. Such silencers are used for several years in light post-war cars in the UK, such as MG and Austin.
Rotax
Rotax underwent several name changes and manufacturing locations, the latter being the former Edison Phonograph company in Willesden, west London in 1913. Initially the motorcycle accessory business, Rotax began specializing in aircraft components after the First World War.. After initial proposals for Lucas and Rotax to take over CAV, Lucas decided in 1926 to take over both companies.
In 1956, Lucas Rotax opened a new factory in the new town of Hemel Hempstead in north London. Lucas Rotax later renamed Lucas Aerospace. In the 1970's the company has 15 factories in various locations.
Aerospace
Based in Park Royal Industrial Estate, London next to the soy sauce factory and vice versa Lucas Rotax, this facility provides components for BAE Systems, especially for the Torpedo Stingray Project.
Simms
In 1913 Frederick Richard Simms started Simms Motor Units Ltd, which in the First World War became a major supplier of magnetos to the armed forces. In 1920 the company took over a secondhand piano factory in East Finchley, north London. During the 1930s the factory developed various Diesel fuel injectors. In World War II the company again became a major supplier of magnetos for aircraft and tanks, also supplying dynamos, starter motors, lamps, pumps, nozzles, spark plugs and coils.
The East Finchley plant continued to grow after the war, eventually reaching 300,000 square feet (28,000 m 2 ), and the company took over many other companies. Simms Motor Unit itself was taken over by Lucas in 1968 and integrated into the CAV division. Manufacturing at East Finchley continued to decline and the factory closed in 1991 to be rebuilt for housing. It is celebrated by Simms Gardens and Lucas Gardens.
Cross license agreement
In 1920, Lucas signed a number of cross-licensing agreements with Bosch, Delco, and most other automotive electrical equipment manufacturers in Europe and North America. In addition, this agreement includes a non-competitive clause that agrees that Lucas will not sell any electrical appliances in their country and they will not sell any electrical equipment in the United Kingdom. In the mid-1930s, Lucas had a virtual monopoly of automotive electrical equipment in the UK.
With a monopoly in place, Lucas went on to supply the often cited electrical equipment as the best reason not to buy a British car.
UK site
- Acton (Diesel System)
- Antrim (Electric)
- Broadgreen, Liverpool (Aerospace)
- Bromborough (Industrial Braking)
- Burnley (Aerospace (4 sites) and Automotive (3 sites))
- Cranmore Boulevard (Starter Motor Drives)
- Cwmbran (Automotive Brake)
- Kennel Lane Dog, Shirley (Aerospace, Automotive, Consultancy, and Research)
- Fazakerley, Liverpool (Automotive, Diesel System)
- Fen End, Birmingham (Test Track)
- Ford House, Wolverhampton (Aerospace)
- Formans Road, Birmingham (Battery)
- Fradley, Woodend Lane, Staffordshire (Distribution)
- Fradley, Gorse Lane, Staffordshire (B90 Remanufacturing, Automotive)
- Gillingham (Diesel System)
- Great King Street, Birmingham (Automotive)
- Great Hampton Street, Birmingham (Automotive)
- Hemel Hempstead (Aerospace)
- Honiley (Aerospace)
- Huyton, Liverpool (Aerospace)
- Kings Road, Tyseley, Birmingham (Automotive Brakes)
- Luton (Aerospace)
- Marshall Lake Road, Birmingham (Aerospace)
- Mere Green (Automotive Electricity)
- Netherton liverpool (Aerospace)
- Newcastle under Lyme (Wiring Harness)
- Oakenshaw Street, Shirley (Electronics)
- Park Royal London (Aerospace)
- Pontypool (Automotive Brake)
- Shaftmoor Lane (Aerospace and Alternators)
- Sudbury (Diesel System)
- Telford, Halesfield (Automotive Lighting)
- Telford, Stafford Park (Flexible Plumbing Service)
- Telford, Stafford Park (Rists, Wiring Harness)
- York Road, Birmingham (Aircraft Engine Management)
- Ystradgynlais, South Wales (Wiring Harness)
Overseas operations
- India
- Czech Republic
- Spanish (Pamplona, ​​â € <â €
- US (Salt Lake City, Los Angeles, Winona, Troy (Detroit))
- Canada (Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver)
- Pakistan
See also
- History of East Finchley, Simms Motors
References
Note
Further reading
External links
- Great King Street History Site
- Joseph Lucas's final resting place
- Birmingham Industrial History Website
- "Lucas Plan documentary 1978". 1978 Open University program on Lucas's Plan] * RAC - Frederick Simms paper
- Lucas company history
- Combustion Research - Development of Combustion System for Jet Engine - an article 1946 Flights on Lucas's work on turbine gas turbines
- Lucas Bike Lights Today
- Lucas Electric Today
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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