The San Francisco Bay Area (popularly referred to as the Bay Area ) is a densely populated area that encompasses the estuaries of San Francisco, San Pablo and Suisun in the northern US state of California. Although the exact boundaries of this region vary depending on the source, the Bay Area is generally accepted to include nine districts adjacent to the estuary: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma, and Consolidated Cities and San Francisco County. Other sources may exclude some or even entire districts, or include neighboring districts such as San Benito, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Santa Cruz (though none of them borders the bay, they are part of the urban area that does it).
Home to approximately 7.68 million people, the Gulf Coast of Northern California contains many cities, cities, airports, and regional, state, and national parks linked by a complex multimodal transport network. The larger combined statistical area in the region, which includes twelve districts, is the second largest in California (after the Greater Los Angeles region), the fifth largest in the United States, and the 41st largest urban area in the world by 8.75 million people. The Bay Area population is ethnically diverse: for example, about half of the population in the region is Hispanic, Asian, African American, or Pacific Islander, all of whom have a significant presence throughout the region.
The earliest archaeological evidence of human settlements in the Bay Area dates back to 3000 BC. In 1769, the Bay Area was inhabited by the Ohlone people when a Spanish exploration party led by Gaspar de PortolÃÆ' entered the Bay - the first documented European visit to the Bay Area. After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, the territory was briefly controlled by the Mexican government until the United States seized the territory in 1846 during the Mexican-American War. Soon after, gold discovery in California attracted many treasure hunters, many using the port at the Bay Area as entry points. During the early years of the state of California, state legislative business was rotated between three locations in the Bay Area before a permanent state capital was established in Sacramento. A large earthquake flattened the city of San Francisco and surrounding areas in 1906, but the area was rebuilt in time to host the Panama-Pacific Exposition in 1915. During World War II, the Gulf Region played a major role in American war efforts at the Asia- Pacific, with Fort Mason San Francisco acting as a major embarkation point for American troops. In 1945, the UN Charter was signed in San Francisco, founded the United Nations, and in 1951, the San Francisco Treaty formally ended the US war with Japan. Since then, the Bay Area has undergone many political, cultural and art movements, developing a unique local genre in music and art and establishing itself as a progressive political nest. Economically, the postwar Bay Area saw huge growth in the financial and technological industries, creating a vibrant and diverse economy with gross domestic product of more than $ 700 billion, and home to the second highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the United States.
Despite its urban character, San Francisco Bay is one of California's most ecologically important habitats, providing key ecosystem services such as filtering pollutants and sediments from rivers, and supporting a number of endangered species. This region is also known for its landscape complexity, the result of millions of years of tectonic plates movement. Since the Bay Area is crossed by six major earthquake disruptions, the region is particularly exposed to the hazards presented by the massive earthquake. The climate is moderate and generally very light, and is ideal for outdoor recreational and athletic activities such as hiking. The Bay Area is host to seven professional sports teams and is a cultural center for music, theater and the arts. It also hosts several higher education institutions, from elementary schools to major research universities. As home to 101 municipalities and nine districts, governance in the Bay Area has many facets and involves many local and regional actors, each with broad and overlapping responsibilities.
Video San Francisco Bay Area
Boundary
The borders of the San Francisco Bay Area are not officially depicted, and the unique pattern of development is influenced by the topography of the region, together with the presence of unusual travel patterns caused by the presence of three city centers and work centers located in suburban cities, causing considerable disagreement between local and federal definitions of the area. Therefore, professor of geography at the University of California, Berkeley Richard Walker states that "no other definite definite city territory [as Bay Area]."
Locally, many local government agencies and districts recognize nine districts bordering San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun estuaries as part of the Bay Area: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma district. These institutions include the San Francisco County Water Quality Control Board, the Gulf Area Air Quality Management District, the San Francisco Bay Recovery Authority, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, and the Gulf Regional Government Association, the last two partners to provide the Census Bay Region using the nine county definition.
US federal government agencies use different definitions from their nine-country associates' local definitions. For example, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that governs broadcast, cable and satellite transmissions, including nearby Colusa, Lake and Mendocino areas in their San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose media market, but excludes eastern Solano. On the other hand, the Office of Management and Budget of the United States, which appoints the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Joint Statistics Area (CSA) to populated areas throughout the country, has five MSAs covering, in whole or in part, territories in nine definition -county, and one CSA covering all nine counties plus neighbors San Benito, Santa Cruz and San Joaquin districts.
Subcategory
Among the local population, the nine-county Gulf Region can be subdivided into five sub-regions: East Bay, North Bay, South Bay, Peninsula, and the city of San Francisco. Although geographically located at the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, the city of San Francisco is not considered part of the "Peninsula" sub-region, but as a separate entity.
The "East Bay" is the most populous area in the Bay Area outside San Francisco and includes cities and towns in Alameda and Contra Costa County, centered around Oakland. As one of the larger sub-regions, East Bay encompasses various enclaves, including the Tri-Valley area on the outskirts of the city and a very urban western part of the sub-region that stretches along the bay. The "Peninsula" subregion covers cities and towns on the San Francisco Peninsula, excluding the titular city of San Francisco. Its eastern part, which runs along the Gulf, is heavily populated while its sparsely populated west coast traces the Pacific Ocean coastline and is known for its open spaces and hiking trails. Roughly coinciding with the border of San Mateo county, it also includes the Santa Clara county towns northwest of Palo Alto, Mountain View, and Los Altos. The "South Bay" covers all the rest of the city in Santa Clara county, centered around San Jose, the largest city in Northern California. This is roughly the same as Silicon Valley because high-tech companies are concentrating, although the industry also has a significant presence throughout the Bay Area. "North Bay" includes Marin, Sonoma, Napa, and Solano counties, and is the largest and least populous subregion. The western districts of Marin and Sonoma are enclosed by the Pacific Ocean to the west and bays to the east, and are characterized by mountainous and woody terrain. The districts of Sonoma and Napa are internationally renowned for their vineyards and wineries, and the eastern Solano area, centered around Vallejo, is the fastest growing region in the Bay Area.
Maps San Francisco Bay Area
History
Although American settlements occurred some 20,000 years ago, when the first Asians crossed the Bering Strait to Alaska, the earliest archaeological evidence of human settlements in the Bay Area revolves around 3,000 BC. along the edge of the bay, with evidence pointing to the previous settlement at Point Reyes in Marin County. The Miwokan and Costanoan Ohlone people, who lived in the Bay Area at first European contact, may have come from the Siberian tribe who arrived about 1,000 BC by sailing over the Arctic Ocean and following salmon migration. The Ohlone lives in about forty or more tribes scattered throughout the land adjacent to San Francisco Bay and as far south as Point Sur near Monterey Bay.
In 1575, a Spanish exploration party led by Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeno landed at Drakes Bay near Point Reyes and was the first European settler to claim land in the Bay Area. He was soon followed in 1579 by Sir Francis Drake, who also landed in Drakes Bay and claimed the land for England. The San Francisco Bay itself was still undiscovered by Europeans until a Spanish expedition led by Gaspar de PortolÃÆ' sailed through the Straits of the Golden Gate in 1769. Further expeditions by Spanish explorers in the following years included those led by Juan Bautista de Anza who colonized the Presidio , and Gabriel Moraga who started at the Presidio and led an expedition party to San Jose and past the Pacheco Pass, and reached San Joaquin Valley. In 1821, Mexico gained its independence from Spain and the Bay Area became part of the Mexican province of Alta California, a period characterized by livestock life and visiting American trappers. Mexico's control over the area would be short-lived, however, and in 1846, a settler party occupied Sonoma Plaza and proclaimed the independence of the new Republic of California. In the same year, the Mexican-American War began, and American captain John Berrien Montgomery waded the USSÃ, Portsmouth into the bay and confiscated San Francisco, later known as Yerba Buena, and raised the American flag for the first time in Portsmouth Square.
In 1848, James W. Marshall's gold discovery on the American River triggered the California Gold Rush, and within half a year, 4,000 people panning for gold along the river and found $ 50,000 per day. The promise of extraordinary wealth quickly leads to a rush of wealth seekers descending on Sutter's Mill. The Bay Area population was quickly emptied as laborers, clerks, waiters, and servants joined in a hurry to find gold, and California's first newspaper, The California, was forced to announce a temporary freeze on a new issue due to shortage of manpower. By the end of 1849, the news had spread all over the world and newcomers flooded the Bay Area with a thousand tariffs per week on their way into the interior of California, including a large wave of Chinese immigrants to the United States. that ships were abandoned by hundreds of people in the ports of San Francisco while the crew rushed into the gold fields. An unprecedented influx of new arrivals spread the authority of the newly started government, and the military was unable to prevent desertion. As a result, many vigilante groups were formed to give orders, but many commissioned themselves by forcibly displacing or killing Native Americans, and by the end of the Gold Rush, two-thirds of the indigenous population had been killed.
During the same time, a constitutional convention was called to determine the California application for states to the United States. After the state was given, the capital moved between three towns in the Bay Area: San Jose (1849-1851), Vallejo (1851-1852), and Benicia (1852-1853) before settling permanently in Sacramento in 1854. Like Gold Hunted- The wealth generated by the effort led to the establishment of Wells Fargo Bank and Bank of California, and immigrant workers attracted by the promise of wealth changed the demographic order of the region. The construction of the first Transcontinental Railway from Oakland Long Wharf attracted so many workers from China that in 1870, eight percent of San Francisco's population came from Asia. The completion of the rail linked the Bay Area with the rest of the United States, built a real national market for goods trade, and accelerated the urbanization of the region.
On the morning of April 18, 1906, a large earthquake with an epicenter near the city of San Francisco hit the area. The immediate estimate of casualties by US Army assistance operations is 498 deaths in San Francisco, 64 deaths in Santa Rosa, and 102 in or near San Jose, totaling around 700. More recent studies estimate total deaths in excess of 3,000, with more than 28,000 buildings destroyed. The rebuilding effort soon begins. Amadeo Peter Giannini, owner of Bank of Italy (now known as Bank of America), has managed to withdraw money from his bank vault before a fire broke out across the city and was the only bank with available liquid funds and was instrumental. in lending funds for rebuilding efforts. Congress soon approved a shelter plan in the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park, a plan they had rejected a few years earlier, which now provides drinking water to 2.4 million people in the Bay Area. By 1915, the city had been fairly rebuilt and self-advertised to the world during the Pacific Pacific Exhibition of that year, although the effects of the quake hastened the loss of dominant status in the region in California to the Los Angeles metropolitan area.
During the 1929 stock market crash and subsequent economic depression, none of the San Francisco-based banks failed, while the region is seeking to spur job growth by simultaneously undertaking two major infrastructure projects: the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge, which will connect San Francisco with Marin County, and Bay Bridge, which will connect San Francisco with Oakland and East Bay. After the United States joined World War II in 1941, the Bay Area became the main military and naval center of the country, with a large shipyard built in Sausalito and across the East Bay to build ships for war effort, and Fort Mason acting as a port main embarkation for service members sent to the Pacific Theater of Operations. After the war, the United Nations was hired in San Francisco to help prevent the devastation that occurred during the last decade, and in September 1951, Japan formally surrendered to the Allied forces in San Francisco, with the San Francisco Treaty entering force a year later. In the years immediately after the war, the Bay Area saw immense waves of immigration as the population increased across the region. Between 1950 and 1960, San Francisco welcomed more than 100,000 new inhabitants, inland inland in the eastern Gulf seeing their population doubled, Daly City population quadrupled, and the population of Santa Clara quintupled.
In the early 1960s, the Bay Area and the rest of Northern California became the center of the counter-cultural movement. Telegraph Avenue in Berkeley and the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco are seen as a hub of activity, with American hit hits San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair) more exciting like an individual minded to join the movement in the Bay Area and headed to Summer of Love. In the following decades, the Bay Area will establish itself as a hotbed of New Left activism, student activism, opposition to the Vietnam War and other anti-war movements, black power movements, and gay rights movements. At the same time, San Jose and the rest of South Bay began to grow rapidly when it began to transition from a largely agriculture-based economy to a hive of high-tech industry. Fred Terman, director of the secret research project at Harvard University during World War II, joined the faculty at Stanford University to reshape the university's engineering department. His students, including David Packard and William Hewlett, will later help usher in the high-tech revolution in the region. In 1955, the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory opened for business near Stanford, and although the business venture was a financial failure, it was the first semiconductor company in the Bay Area, and the talent attracted to the region eventually led to a high-tech cluster. the company that came to be known as Silicon Valley.
In 1989, in the midst of a World Series match between two Bay Area baseball teams, the Loma Prieta earthquake struck and caused widespread infrastructure damage, including the failure of Bay Bridge, the main link between San Francisco and Oakland. Even so, the Bay Area technology industry continues to grow and growth in Silicon Valley is accelerated that the US Census confirmed that year that San Jose had defeated San Francisco in terms of population. The commercialization of the Internet in the middle of the decade quickly created a speculative bubble in a high-tech economy known as the Dot-com bubble. This bubble began to collapse in the early 2000s and the industry continued to contract for the next few years, virtually wiping out the market. Companies like Amazon.com and Google managed to overcome the accident, and after the industry returned to normal, their market value increased significantly.
Even as the growth of the technology sector transforms the regional economy, progressive politics continues to guide the political environment in the region. At the turn of the millennium, non-Hispanic whites, the largest ethnic group in the United States, only half of the population in the Bay Area as immigration among minority groups accelerated. During this time, the Bay Area was the center of the LGBT rights movement: in 2004, San Francisco began issuing marriages to same-sex couples, the first in the United States, and four years later, the majority of voters in the Bay Area rejected California Proposition 8, to constitutionally restrict marriage to the opposite sex but eventually endorsed throughout the state. The Bay Area is also a controversial center of protest regarding racial and economic inequalities. In 2009, an African American man named Oscar Grant was shot dead by Rapid Area Rapid police officers, orchestrating widespread protests across the region and even riots in Oakland, and whose names were symbolically linked to the Occupy Oakland protests two years later that were trying to fight against social and economic inequalities. After the inauguration of Donald Trump as President of the United States in 2017, the Bay Area became a center of resistance against his rule, beginning with a widespread protest in concert with national Women in March a day later, followed by public feud between Trump and various Bay Area politics, culture and business figures on racial and immigration issues, among others.
Culture
Art
Art
Bay Area is the center of the Abstract Expressionism painting movement. This is related to the works of Clyfford Still, who began teaching at the California School of Fine Arts (now San Francisco Art Institute) in 1946, leaving a lasting impact on the Bay Area artist's artistic style to this day. A few years later, David Park's abstract expressionist painter painted the Kids on Bikes in 1950, which retained many aspects of abstract expressionism but with original distinguishing features that would later lead to the Bay Area Figurative Movement. While both the Figurative Movement and Abstract Expressionism movements emerged from art schools, Funk's art would then rise from underground in the region and is characterized by unofficial sharing of techniques among peer groups and art exhibitions in "cooperative" galleries rather than formal museums. Later, the Bay Area art movement will be heavily influenced by the counter-cultural movement of the 1960s, and the art produced so far reflects the political environment.
The Bay Area is currently home to a growing computer animation industry led by Pixar Animation Studios and Industrial Light & amp; Magic. Pixar, based in Emeryville, produced the first fully animated feature film animation, Toy Story, with software that he designed himself and his computer animated films have garnered 26 Academy Awards and critical acclaim. Industrial Lights & amp; Magic, based in Presidio in San Francisco, was created in 1975 to help create the visual effects for the Star Wars series since it was involved with creating a visual effect for over three hundred Hollywood movies.
Music
Throughout recent history, the Bay Area has been home to several musical movements that leave a lasting influence on the genre they feel. San Francisco, in particular, was the center of the counter-cultural movement of the 1960s, which directly led to the emergence of several notable musical acts: The Grateful Dead, formed in 1965, and Jefferson Airplane and Janis Joplin; all three will be closely related to Summer of Love 1967. Jimi Hendrix also has a strong connection with the movement and the Bay Area, when he lived in Berkeley for a short time as a child and played in many local places in the decade. In the 1970s, San Francisco has developed a vibrant jazz scene, getting a moniker, "Harlem of the West". The Vietnam War was being fought at the time, and Bay Area bands like Creedence Clearwater Revival of El Cerrito became famous for their political and socially-conscious lyrics against the conflict. Carlos Santana became famous in the early 1970s with his Santana band and will then be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and will then help lead the formation of the band Journey along with former Santana members.
During the 1980s and early 1990s, the Bay Area became home to one of the largest and most influential thrash metal scenes in the world, with contributions from 3 of the "Big Four" thrash metals, namely Metallica, Slayer, and Megadeth, and the emergence metal avant-garde with bands like Giant Squid, Grayceon, and Ludicra. The post-grunge era of the 1990s and featured prominent Bay Area bands Third Eye Blind of San Francisco, Counting Crows of Berkeley, and Smash Mouth of San Jose, and later pop punk rock bands such as Green Day. The 1990s also saw the emergence of an influential hiphy movement in hip hop, derived from the Oakland slang for "hyperactivity", and pioneered by Bay Area racers Andre "Mac Dre" Hicks, Fab Mistah, and E-40. Other notable rappers from the Bay Area include Lil B, Tupac Shakur, and MC Hammer. Today, most of the rap coming out of Oakland and East Bay is a "conscious rap", which concerns itself with social issues and consciousness.
The Bay Area is also home to hundreds of classical musical ensembles, ranging from community choirs to professional orchestras, such as the San Francisco Symphony, the California Symphony, the Fremont Symphony Orchestra, the Oakland Symphony, and the San Francisco Chamber Orchestra.
Theater
According to the regional Bay Area Theater Theater organization, the San Francisco Bay Area is the third largest activity center for corporate and theater actors in the United States, after the metropolitan areas of New York City and Chicago, with 400 companies spread across the region. The organization was founded in 1976 by the Magic Theater and the American Conservatory Theater (ACT) in San Francisco and Berkeley Repertory Theater in Berkeley. The latter two, along with the San Francisco Mime Troupe, have won one Regional Theater Tony Award respectively. Some famous actors have emerged from the Bay Area theater community, including Daveed Diggs from Hamilton and Darren Criss from Hedwig, A Very Potter Musical, and < i> Glee . Good local actors include James Carpenter, stage actor who has performed at ACT, Berkeley Repertory, and San Jose Repertory Theater among others, Rod Gnapp of Magic Theater Company, Sean San Jose, co-founder of Campo Santo theater, and member Campo Santo, Margo Hall.
The Bay Area also has an active teenage theater stage. ACT and Berkeley Repertory run classes and camps for young actors, such as the Peninsula Youth Theater and Willow Glen Children's Theater on the Peninsula and South Bay, the Bay Area Children's Theater and the Danville Children's Musical Theater in the East Bay, and Marin Shakespeare in North Bay, others.
Media
The San Francisco Bay Area is the sixth largest television market and the fourth largest radio market in the US The oldest radio station in the Bay Area, KCBS (AM), started as an experimental station in San Jose in 1909, before the commencement of commercial broadcasting. KALW was the first FM radio station in the Bay Area, and the first radio station to start commercial broadcasts west of the Mississippi River when it was signed in the air in 1941. KPIX, which began airing in 1948, was the first television station to air in the Area Bay and Northern California.
All major US television networks have affiliates serving the region, including KTVU 2 (FOX), KRON-TV 4 (Local News/MyNetwork), KPIX 5 (CBS), KGO-TV 7 (ABC), KQED-TV 9 (PBS ), KNTV 11 (NBC), KBCW 44/45 (CW), KQEH 54 (PBS), and KKPX 65 (Ion). Bloomberg West, an event that focuses on topics related to technology and business, was launched in 2011 from a studio in and continues to be broadcast from San Francisco.
Public broadcasting stations include television stations and radio stations, both broadcast under KQED call letters from facilities near the Potrero Hill neighborhood. KQED-FM is the most widely publicized National Public Radio affiliate in the country. Another local broadcaster, KPOO, is an independently owned, operated African-American independent radio station established in 1971.
The largest newspaper in the Bay Area is the San Francisco Chronicle and San Jose Mercury News, the highest and the second highest-most-circulated newspaper in Northern California. The Chronicle is best known for former columnist Herb Caen, whose daily devotion attracts critical acclaim and represents the "San Francisco voice". The San Francisco Examiner, after the foundations of the media empire of William Randolph Hearst and Ambrose Bierce's home, has declined in circulation over the years and now takes the form of a free daily tabloid, under new ownership. Most of the local area and the Bay Area municipality also have their own newspapers, such as the East Bay Times and San Mateo Daily Journal. The national news magazine Mother Jones is also based in San Francisco. Non-English speaking newspapers include several Chinese-language papers such as Sing Tao Daily, the largest in the Bay Area with circulation, and El Mundo, a free Spanish-language weekly distributed by < i> Mercury News .
Sports and leisure
The Bay Area is home to seven premier professional league sports franchises: the San Francisco 49ers and Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) in American football, the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Gold Country Soldier of the National Basketball Association (NBA), San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League, and San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer. In sailing, Bay Area hosts the 2013 American Cup.
In American football, 49er plays at Levi's Stadium and has won five Super Bowls (XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV, XXIX) and lost one (XLVII), while Raiders played at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum until their relocation to Las Vegas in both years 2019 or 2020 and has won three Super Bowls (XI, XV, XVIII), and lost two (II, XXXVII) In baseball, the San Francisco Giants, who played in AT & T Park, has won eight World Series titles, and Oakland Athletics, which shares the Oakland Coliseum with Raiders, has won nine World Series titles. In basketball, the Warriors played at Oracle Arena and have won three NBA Finals since moving to Oakland in 1971. In hockey, the Sharks play at the SAP Center and have not won the Stanley Cup despite making their first appearance in the 2016 Stanley Cup final. In football, Earth plays at the Avaya Stadium and has won the MLS Cup twice in 2001 and 2003.
Outside of major league sports, the Bay Area is home to seven small league teams: a football team (San Francisco Deltas), a hockey team (San Jose Barracuda), a Minor League Baseball (San Jose Giants) team in the California League, and four baseball teams at the Pacific Professional Baseball Club Association (San Rafael Pacifics, Sonoma Stompers, Pittsburg Diamonds, and Vallejo Admirals). In terms of college sports, six Bay Area universities are members of NCAA Division I, the highest level of college sports in the country. All three football schools in the Bay Area are in the Football Bowl Sub-division, the highest level of NCAA college football. The California Golden Bears and Stanford Cardinal compete in the Pac-12 Conference, and the Spartans of the State of San Jose compete in the Western Mountain Conference. Cardinal and Golden Bears are strong rivals, with their soccer teams competing annually in the Big Game for Stanford Ax. One of the most famous games in the competition took place in 1982, when the Golden Bears beat Cardinal on a last-minute back kick known as "The Play".
The Bay Area has an ideal climate for outdoor recreation, so activities such as hiking and biking are popular among locals. There are over 200 miles (320 km) of bike trails, bike lanes and routes in San Francisco, and Embarcadero and Marina Green are favorite places for skateboarding. Extensive public tennis facilities are available at Golden Gate Park and Dolores Park, as well as in smaller neighborhood courts throughout the city. The people of San Francisco are often among the strongest in the US. Sailing, sailing, windsurfing and kite surfing is one of the most popular activities in San Francisco Bay, and the city has a yacht harbor in the Marina District. St. The Francis Yacht Club and Golden Gate Yacht Club are located on Marina Harbor, while the South Beach Yacht Club is next to AT & amp; T Park.
Demographics
According to the US Census 2010, the nine-county Gulf Region population is 7.15 million, with 49.6% male and 50.4% female. Of these, approximately 2.3 million (32%) were born overseas. In 2010 the racial arrangement of nine Bay Area regions was 52.5% White where 42.4% were non-Hispanic and 10.1% were Hispanic, 23.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race (17.9% Mexico, 1.3% Salvador, 0.6% Guatemala, 0.6% Puerto Rico, 0.5% Nicaragua, 0.3% Peru, 0.2% Cuban), 23.3% Asian (7.9% China, 5.1% Philippines, 3.3% India, 2.5% Vietnam, 1.0% Korea, 0.9% Japan, 0.2% Pakistan, 0.2% Cambodia, 0.2% Laotian, 0, 1% Thai, 0.1% Burmese), 6.7% non-Hispanic African American, 0.7% Native American or Alaska Native, 0.6% Pacific Island (0.1% Tonga, 0.1% Samoa , 0.1% Fijian, 0.1% Guamanian, & 0.1% Native Hawaiian), 5.4% of two or more races and 10.8% of other races. The Bay Area towns in Vallejo, Suisun City, Oakland, San Leandro, Fairfield, and Richmond are one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the United States.
Based on geographical location, non-Hispanic whites are the majority in Marin, Napa, and Sonoma County. White people also make up the majority in eastern East Bay centered around Livermore and Walnut Creek areas. The North Beach District of San Francisco is regarded as Little Italy in the city, and was once home to a significant Italian American community. San Francisco and Marin County both have a substantial Jewish community. The Latin population is scattered throughout the Bay Area, but among the nine counties, their largest number live in Santa Clara County, while Contra Costa County sees the highest growth rate. Mexican Americans make up the bulk of the Hispanic population in the Napa region, while Central America is the largest in San Francisco, many of whom live in the Mission District, home to many Salvadorans and Guatemalan descent.
The Asian-American population of the Bay Area is significant compared to other regions in the US, concentrated in the Bay Area town of Daly City. At 58.4%, the Asian-American population of Daly City is larger than elsewhere in the United States outside Hawaii. Asian Americans are also the majority in Fremont, with significant populations in Sunnyvale and Santa Clara. The cities of San Jose and San Francisco have the third and fourth largest Asian American population in every American city. In San Francisco, Chinese Americans account for 21.4% of the population and are the largest ethnic group in the city. Santa Clara county, and increasingly East Bay, home of a significant American Indian community. The Bay Area is home to more than 382,950 Filipino Americans, one of the largest Filipino communities outside the Philippines with the largest proportion of American Filipinos concentrating on American Canyon, Daly City, Fairfield, South San Francisco and Vallejo. There are more than 100,000 people of Vietnamese descent living within the city limits of San Jose, Vietnam's largest population in any city in the world outside of Vietnam. In addition, there is a sizable community of Korean Americans in the Santa Clara area, where San Jose is located. Cities in the East Bay such as Richmond and Oakland, as well as the city of Santa Rosa in the North Bay, have an abundance of Laos and Cambodian populations in certain neighborhoods. Pacific islands such as Samoa and Tongan have the largest presence in East Palo Alto, where they constitute more than 7% of the population.
The African American population in the Bay Area was once significant in San Francisco, where one in seven blacks in 1970, had a thriving jazz scene known as "Harlem of the West". Today, they mostly move to Eastern Bay and North Bay, including the cities of Oakland and Antioch. The South Park neighborhood of Santa Rosa was home to the first black community until the 1980s, when many Latin immigrants settled in the area. Other cities with large numbers of African-Americans include Vallejo (28%), Richmond (26%), and East Palo Alto (17%).
As the Bay Area economy relies heavily on innovation and high-tech skills, a larger educated population exists in the region. Approximately 87.4% of Bay Area residents have reached secondary or higher levels, while 46% of adults in Bay Area have earned a post-secondary degree or higher.
The Bay Area is one of the richest areas in the United States, especially, because of San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland's economic powerhouses. The Bay Area, Pleasanton, has the second highest household income in the country after New Canaan, Connecticut. However, tax-free income is very comparable to other parts of the country, especially as higher living costs offset the increase in income.
By 2014, Bay Area's wealth gap is large: the top ten per cent of breadwinners bring home more than elevenfold from the bottom ten percent, and a study from the Brookings Institution found the San Francisco metro area, which excludes four Bay Area regions. , becoming the third most unequal urban area in the country. Among the rich, there are forty-seven Bay Area residents making a list of the 400 richest people in Forbes magazine, published in 2007. Thirteen lives in San Francisco, placing it seventh among the cities of the world. Among forty-seven there are several famous names such as Steve Jobs, George Lucas, and Charles Schwab. The richest population is Larry Ellison from Oracle, worth $ 25 billion. A study by Capgemini shows that in 2009, 4.5 percent of all households in the San Francisco-Oakland and San Jose metropolitan areas held $ 1 million in investable assets, placing the region first in the United States, just ahead of the territory metro New York City. On the other hand, low-income residents in the Bay Area saw their income drop by nine percent since 2007, with the bottom ten percent earning just an average of $ 20,000.
Crime
Statistics on crime rates in the Bay Area generally fall into two categories: violent crime and property crime. Historically, violent crime has been concentrated in several cities in the East Bay of Oakland, Richmond, and Antioch, but also East Palo Alto on the Peninsula, Vallejo in North Bay, and San Francisco. Nationally, the Oakland murder rate was ranked 18th among cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, and third for violent crime per capita. According to a report by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 2015, Oakland is also the source of the most violent crimes in the Bay Area, with 16.9 reported incidents per thousand people. Vallejo is second, with 8.7 incidents per thousand, while San Pablo, Antioch, and San Francisco occupy the top five. East Palo Alto, which used to have the highest murder rate in the Bay Area, sees violent crime incidents declining 65% between 2013 and 2014, while Oakland sees violent crime incidents down 15%. Meanwhile, San Jose, which was one of the safest big cities in the United States in the early 2000s, has seen crime rates rise to the top. Cities with the lowest violent crime rates include the Peninsula city of Los Altos and Foster City, East Bay towns in San Ramon and Danville, as well as the towns of South Bay in Saratoga and Cupertino. By 2015, 45 Bay Area cities count zero murders, the largest being Daly City.
In 2015, Oakland also sees the highest property crime rate in the Bay Area, at 59.4 incidents per thousand inhabitants, with San Francisco following behind on 53 incidents per thousand inhabitants. The cities of East Bay are Pleasant Hill, Berkeley, and San Leandro complete the top five. The South Bay town of Saratoga and the town of Windsor in North Bay see the lowest property crime rate. In addition, San Francisco saw many reports of burning.
Some street gangs operate in the Bay Area, including SureÃÆ'§s os and NorteÃÆ'Â ± os in San Francisco's Mission District. The familiar African-American street gangs in other cities, including Crips, have struggled to build a foothold in the city, although gangs with snipers in China, including the Triad groups such as Wo Hop To, have been reportedly active. In 1977, continuous competition between two Chinese gangs led to a shooting attack at the Golden Dragon restaurant in Chinatown, which left five people dead and eleven people injured. Five members of the Joe Boys gang were arrested and convicted for the crime. Oakland, which also saw organized gang violence, carried out the Armistice Operation in 2012 in an effort to reduce violence.
Economy
The three major cities in the Bay Area represent different working groups and are dominated by different industries but mixed. San Francisco is home to the region's financial and business industries, tourism, and hosts many conventions. East Bay, centered around Oakland, is home to heavy industry, metalworking, oil and shipping, while Silicon Valley is the main pillar of economic activity around the technology industry. Furthermore, North Bay is a major player in the country's agricultural and wine industry. Overall, the Bay Area is home to the second highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, second only to the New York metropolitan area, with thirty companies based across the region. By 2016, the region's twelve larger statistical regions have a GDP of $ 820.9 billion, the third highest among the combined fields of statistics. The smaller nine-county Gulf region has a GDP of $ 781 billion, which will, however, rank 5th among US states and 18 among countries.
Some big companies are headquartered in the Bay Area. Among Fortune 500 companies located in the region include Google technology company Apple Inc., Hewlett Packard, Intel, Applied Materials, eBay, Cisco Systems, Symantec, Oracle, Netflix, and Salesforce; Chevron and PG & E energy companies; financial services company Charles Schwab Corporation, Visa Inc., and Wells Fargo; clothing retailer Gap Inc., Levi Strauss & amp; Co., and Ross Shop; aerospace and defense contractor Lockheed Martin; the local Safeway grocery store; pharmaceutical company McKesson; and biotechnology companies Genentech and Gilead Sciences. Biggest manufacturers include Tesla Inc., Lam Research, Bayer, Chevron, and Coca-Cola. Oakland is the fifth largest container shipping port site in the United States and is also the main train terminal. In the study, NASA's Ames Research Center and the federal research facility Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are each headquartered in Mountain View and Livermore. In North Bay, Napa and Sonoma County are known for their famous wineries, including Fantesca Estate & amp; Winery, Domaine Chandon California, and D'Agostini Winery.
Housing
The Bay Area is one of the most expensive places to stay in the United States. Strong economic growth has created hundreds of thousands of new jobs, but coupled with strict restrictions to build new housing units, has resulted in extreme housing shortages. For example, from 2012 to 2017, the San Francisco metropolitan area added 400,000 new jobs, but only 60,000 new home units. By 2016, the entire Bay Area has 3.6 M jobs, and 2.6 M housing units, for a ratio of 1.4 jobs per housing unit, well above the ratio for the US as a whole, stood at 1.1 jobs per housing unit. (152 million jobs, 136 million housing units) According to a survey conducted by the US Census Bureau, Bay Area ranks # 1 "in the average home value, the average monthly cost for homes with mortgages, and the median gross rent." By 2017, the average income needed to buy a home in the area is $ 179,390, while the average price for a home is $ 895,000 and the average cost of a house in the Bay Area is $ 440,000 - more than twice the national average , while the average monthly rent is $ 1,240 - 50 percent more than the national average.
With high living costs, many Bay Area residents allocate large amounts of their income to housing. 20 percent of Bay Area homeowners spend more than half their income on housing, while about 25 percent of Bay Area tenants spend more than half their income in the Bay Area. Spending on average over $ 28,000 per year for housing in addition to about $ 13,400 for transportation, Bay Area residents spend about $ 41,420 per year to live in the region. The total amount of housing and transportation means 59 percent of Bay Area average household income, which shows the extreme cost of living. The high level of homelessness in the Bay Area can be attributed to the high cost of living. No estimates of the number of homeless people living in the Bay Area can be determined because of the difficulty of tracking down the homeless. However, according to the San Francisco Department of Public Health, the number of homeless people in San Francisco alone is 9,975. In addition, San Francisco is revealed to have the least homeless people in the country slip.
Due to the high cost of housing, many workers in the Bay Area stay away from their workplace, contributing to one of the highest percentage of extreme commuters in the United States, or a journey that takes more than ninety minutes in one direction. For example, about 50,000 people commute from the neighboring San Joaquin area to nine counties of Bay County every day, and more, some workers commute every day by flying.
Education
Colleges and universities
The Bay Area is home to a large number of colleges and universities. The first institution of higher education at Bay Area, Santa Clara University, was founded by Jesuits in 1851, which also founded the University of San Francisco in 1855. San Jose State University was founded in 1857 and is the oldest state college in the West Coast of the United States. According to the Brookings Institution, 45% of residents in the San Jose metro area of ​​two districts have college degrees and 43% of residents in the San Francisco metro area have five bachelor's degrees, the second and fourth highest metro areas. in the country for higher educational attainment.
Ratings compiled by AS. News & amp; World Report features some Bay Area universities in prominent places. Stanford University is the highest ranked university in the Bay Area, and the fifth overall in the United States. The University of California, Berkeley is ranked twentyth overall, but over the last nineteen years it has become the country's highest-ranked university. In addition, San Jose State University and Sonoma State University are each ranked sixth and tenth among public universities on the West Coast.
The city of San Francisco is host to two schools of the University of California, which do not give a bachelor's degree. The University of California, San Francisco is fully dedicated to postgraduate education in health and biomedical sciences. It is ranked among the top five medical schools in the United States and operates UCSF Medical Center, which is the highest-ranking hospital in California. The University of California, Hastings College of the Law, founded in the Civic Center in 1878, is California's oldest law school and claims more judges on the bench than any other institution. The city also hosts the State University California School, San Francisco State University.
The California Community Colleges System also operates a number of community colleges in the Bay Area. According to CNNMoney, Bay Area community college with the highest "success" level is De Anza College in Cupertino, which is also the 10th highest ranking in the country. Other colleges in the Bay Area are quite categorized including Foothill College, City College of San Francisco, West Valley College, Diablo Valley College, and Las Positas College.
Many scholars have demonstrated an overlapping education and economy within the Bay Area. According to some reports, research universities such as Stanford University, University of California - Santa Cruz and the University of California - Berkeley, are vital to the culture and economy of the area. These universities also provide countless public programs for people to learn and improve skills relevant to the local economy. This opportunity not only provides educational services to the community, but also generates a significant amount of revenue.
Primary and secondary schools
Basic and public secondary education in the Bay Area is provided through the school district organized through three structures: primary school, high school district, or integrated school district, and is governed by an elected council. In addition, many Bay Area and San Francisco districts operate a "special service school" aimed at providing education to students with disabilities or special needs. An alternative public education arrangement is offered by the charter school, which can be formed with a five-year renewable charter by a third party. The mechanism for charter schools in the Bay Area is governed by the California Charter Schools Act of 1992.
According to the ranking compiled by AS. News & amp; World Report , the highest-ranking high school in California is the Pacific Collegiate School, located in Santa Cruz and part of the larger Bay Area. In traditional nine-county borders, high school is KIPP San Jose Collegiate in San Jose. Among the twenty high schools in California include Lowell High School in San Francisco, Monta Vista High School in Cupertino, Preparatory Academy University in San Jose, San Jose's Mission High School in Fremont, Oakland Charter High School in Oakland, Henry M. Gunn High School in Palo Alto, and Saratoga High School in Saratoga.
Geography
Climate
The Bay Area is located in a relatively rare warm Mediterranean climate zone (KÃÆ'¶ppen Csb ) that is characteristic of the California coast, with wintry winters and dry summers. It is heavily influenced by the cold California Current, which pierces the natural mountain barrier along the coast by traveling through various slits. In terms of rainfall, this means that the Bay Area has declared a wet and dry season. The rainy season, which roughly takes place between November and March, is a source of about 82% of annual rainfall in the area. In the South Gulf and further inland, while the wet season is cool and cool, the summer dry season is marked by warm sunny days, while in San Francisco and the area closer to the Golden Gate Strait, the dry season is periodically influenced by the fog.
Due to the diverse topography of the Bay Area, the result of clashing tectonic plates, this region is home to many microclimates that cause significant climatic and temperature differences over short distances. In the city of San Francisco, natural and artificial topographic features direct the movement of wind and fog, resulting in a highly variable climate between city blocks. Along the Golden Gate Strait, ocean breezes and fog from the Pacific Ocean are able to penetrate mountain barriers inland into the Bay Area. During the summer, rising hot air in the inner valleys of California creates a low-pressure area that draws wind from the North High Pacific via the Golden Gate, which creates the cold wind and characteristic fog of the city. The phenomenon of microclimates is most prominent during this time, when maximal fog penetration is in areas near the Golden Gate Strait, while South Bay and more inland areas are sunny and dry.
Along the San Francisco peninsula, the gap in the Santa Cruz Mountains, south of Mount San Bruno and one in Crystal Springs, allows oceanic weather into the interior and causes a cooling effect for cities along the Peninsula and even as far south as San Jose. This weather pattern is also a source of delays at San Francisco International Airport. In the Marin area to the north of the Golden Gate Strait, two gaps north of Muir Woods carry cold air across Marin Headlands, with the cold influence reaching as far north as Santa Rosa. Further inland, the East Bay receives the ocean weather that crosses the Golden Gate strait, and further spreads the air through Berkeley Hills, Niles Canyon and Hayward Pass to Livermore Valley and Altamont Pass. Here, the breeze generated is so strong that it is home to one of the largest wind turbine circuits in the world. Further north, the Carquinez Strait channeled the sea weather to the San Joaquin River Delta, causing cooling effects in Stockton and Sacramento, making these cities much colder than their counterparts in Central Valley in the south.
Ecology
Ocean wildlife
The Bay Area is home to a variety of wildlife and, together with the connected San Joaquin River Delta is one of California's most important ecological habitats. Dungeness California crab, Pacific halibut, and California scorpionfish are all important components of the bay fishery. Gulf salt marshes now represent most of the remaining salt marshes in California and support a number of endangered species and provide key ecosystem services such as filtering pollutants and sediments from rivers. Most notably, this bay is the main link in the Pacific Flyway and with millions of beach birds each year visiting shallow bays for shelter, is the most important component of the flight path south of Alaska. Many species of endangered birds are also found here: the California least tern, the California clapper rail, the snowy egret, and the black crowned heron night.
There is also a significant diversity of salmon present in the bay. The Steelhead population in California has declined dramatically due to human and natural causes; in the Bay Area, all naturally spawned anadromous steelhead population under natural and man-made obstacles in the California stream from the Russian River to Aptos Creek, and San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun Bays drainage listed as threatened under Endangered Species Extinct Federal Act. The salmon coho population of Central California is the most endangered of many troubled salmon populations on the west coast of the United States, including populations living in tributaries to the San Francisco Bay. The industry, mining, and other mercury use have resulted in a wide distribution of toxic metals in the bay, with uptake in bay phytoplankton and contamination from sharks.
Water mammals are also in the bay. Before 1825, Spain, France, England, Russia, and America were attracted to the Bay Area to harvest beaver beavers, river otters, marten, fishermen, stoats, foxes, weasels, harbors and seals and otters sea. This early feather trade, known as California Fur Rush, is more than any other single factor, which is responsible for opening the Western Bay Area and San Francisco Bay, in particular, to world trade. In 1817 the sea otters in the area were practically eliminated. Since then, the California golden beavers have re-established the presence at Alhambra Creek. The first North American river otters reported at Redwood Creek at Muir Beach in 1996, have been spotted in the North Bay of Corte Madera Creek, Coyote Creek in the South Bay, as well as in 2010 in the San Francisco Bay itself at Richmond Marina. Other mammals include the famous international sea lion that began inhabiting Pier 39 San Francisco after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the famous Humphrey the Whale in the area, the humpback whale entering San Francisco Bay twice in the wrong migration in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Dolphin bottles and harbor cruises have recently returned to the bay, as they have not existed for decades. Historically, this is the northern part of their range of warm water species.
Bird
In addition to the many species of sea birds that can be seen in the Bay Area, many other bird species make the Bay Area their home, making it a popular destination for bird watching. Many birds, including many described in the following paragraphs, are listed as endangered species although they have become common in the region, due to human and other impacts.
The Western excavating owl was originally listed as a species of special concern by the Department of Fish and Games of California in 1979. The California population declined 60% from the 1980s to the early 1990s, and continues to decline by about 8% per year. A 1992-93 survey reported little or no breeding of owls in most of the western regions of the Bay Area, leaving only Alameda, Contra Costa, and Solano districts as remnants of a vast breeding range. The bald eagle was formerly common in the Bay Area, but habitat destruction and egg thinning from DDT poisoning reduced the California state population to 35 nesting pairs. The bald eagle disappeared from the Bay Area in 1915, and just started back in the last few years. In the 1980s efforts to reintroduce species to the region began with the Santa Cruz Predator Bird Research Group and the San Francisco Zoo that imported birds and eggs from Vancouver Island and northeastern California, and there are now nineteen couples nested in eight of the Nine counties Bay Area. Other species that have ever returned to the Bay Area include the Swainson eagle, the white-tailed kite, and the osprey.
In 1927, zoologist Joseph Grinnell wrote that osprey is a rare visitor in the San Francisco Bay Area, although he notes one or two nests used at the top of a damaged redwood tree along the Russian River. In 1989, the osprey southern breeding range in the Bay Area was Kent Lake, although the osprey was noted for extending their reach further south in Central Valley and Sierra Nevada. In 2014, a Bay Area survey found that osprey has expanded their breeding range to the south by nesting locations as far south as Hunters Point in San Francisco on the west side and Hayward on the east side, while further research has found a nesting location as far south. as the Los Gatos Creek watershed, suggests that the nesting range now covers the entire length of the San Francisco Bay. Most nests are built on man-made structures that are close to the area of ​​human disturbance, probably due to the lack of mature trees near the Gulf. The population of wild turkeys was introduced in 1960 by state officials, and by 2015 has become a common sight in the East Bay community.
Geology and landscapes
The Bay Area is renowned for its landscape complexity that is the result of millions of years by tectonic plate strength, as it lies at the center of the meeting point between two plates. Nine of eleven different sets have been identified in one area, Alameda. Multiple assemblies side by side in complex settings due to offset along many errors (both active and stable) in the area. As a result, many types of rocks and soils are found in the area. The oldest rocks are metamorphic rocks associated with granite in the western Salinian Block from the San Andreas fault. It is formed from sedimentary rocks of sandstone, limestone, and shale on raised seabed. Volcanic deposits also exist in the Bay Area, left by the movement of the San Andreas fault, whose motion cuts the subduction plate and allows the magma to flow briefly to the surface.
This area has a fairly large vertical relief in its landscape that is not on the alluvial plain that leads to the bay or in the inland valley. Topography, and geological history, of the Bay Area can be largely attributed to the compressive strength between the Pacific Plate and the North American plate. The three main ridge structures in the Bay Area, part of the Pacific Coast, are all roughly parallel to the main fault. The Santa Cruz Mountains along the San Francisco Peninsula and Marin Hills in Marin County follow the San Andreas fault, The Berkeley Hills, San Leandro Hills and their southern ridge extensions through Mission Peak roughly following the Hayward fault, and the Diablo Range, which includes Mount Diablo and Mount Hamilton and walk along the Calaveras fault.
In total, the Bay Area is traversed by seven major fault systems with hundreds of related faults, all of which are suppressed by the relative movement between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate or by the pressure press between these plates. The fault system includes the Hayward Distractions Zone, the Concord Valley Greens Fault, Calaveras Fault, Clayton-Marsh Creek-Greenville Fault, Fault Rodgers Creek, and San Gregorio Fault. Significant blind thrust faults (errors with near vertical motion and no surface rupture) are associated with parts of the Santa Cruz Mountains and the northern part of the Diablo Range and Mount Diablo. These "hidden" faults, which are not well known, pose a significant earthquake hazard. Among the more well-understood errors, scientists estimate the probability of 63% of large-scale 6.7 earthquakes occurring along Hayward, Rogers Creek, or the San Andreas fault, with more earthquakes likely to occur in the East Bay. The two largest earthquakes in history are the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.
Hydrography
The Bay Area is home to a complex network of watersheds, swamps, rivers, tributaries, reservoirs and bays that mostly flow to San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The largest water bodies in the Bay Area are the mouths of San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun. Major rivers in North Bay include the Napa River, the Petaluma River, the Gualala River, and the Russian River; the former used to flow to San Pablo Bay, the last two entering the Pacific Ocean. On the South Bay, the Guadalupe River flows to San Francisco Bay near Alviso. There are also several lakes in the Bay Area, including artificial lakes such as Lake Berryessa and modified lakes such as Lake Merritt.
Before the introduction of European farming methods, the coast of San Francisco Bay comprised mostly of tidal swamps. Currently, the bay has been significantly redesigned to accommodate the needs of water delivery, shipping, agriculture, and urban development, with side effects including wetland loss and introduction of contaminants and invasive species. About 85% of the swamps have been lost or destroyed, but about 50 swamps and debris fragments remain. A large number of swamps were initially destroyed by farmers for agricultural purposes, then converted for use as salt evaporation ponds for
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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