Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, compressed gases (gas tanks, or "US pressure vessels", which are not normally labeled or regulated as storage tanks) or mediums used for short or long term - heat or cold storage. The term can be used for reservoirs (lakes and artificial ponds), and for manufactured containers. The use of word tanks for reservoirs is rare in American English but is quite common in English English. In other countries, the term tends to refer only to artificial containers.
In the US, the storage tank operates under pressure (or very little), distinguishing it from the pressure vessels . Storage tanks are often cylindrical, perpendicular to the ground on a flat base, and a fixed roof or a floating roof. Usually there are many environmental regulations applied to the design and operation of storage tanks, often depending on the nature of the fluid contained therein. The above-ground storage tank (AST) differs from the underground storage tank (UST) in the various regulations applied. The above ground storage tanks can be used to store materials such as oil, sewage, water, chemicals, and other hazardous materials, all meeting strict industry standards and regulations.
The reservoirs can be closed, in this case they can be called closed or underground storage tanks or reservoirs. The closed water tank is common in urban areas.
Storage tanks are available in various forms: vertical and horizontal cylinders; open top and top cover; base flat, base cone, bottom of the slope and bottom plate. Large tanks tend to be vertical cylinders, or have transitional round corners from vertical side walls to bottom profiles, to more easily withstand the induced hydrostatic pressure of the contained fluid. Most container tanks to handle liquids during transportation are designed to handle different levels of pressure.
A large storage tank is sometimes installed in a truck (truck) or in an articulated trailer truck, which is then called a tanker.
In the US, air emissions, associated with losses for useable commodities and/or sold products, are typically required to undergo the air quality permitted under the Federal Clean Air Act. Quantification of potential emissions for licensing purposes is most often achieved by applying the emission equation published in Chapter 7.1 APP AS-EPA: Compilation of Air Emission Factors.
Video Storage tank
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Since most liquids can spill, vaporize, or seep through even the smallest openings, special consideration should be made for safe and safe handling. This usually involves the construction of a dike, or container dam, around the tank, so that any leak can be contained safely.
Some storage tanks require a floating roof on the side or as a replacement for roofs and fixed structures. This floating roof rises and falls with the level of liquid in the tank, thus reducing the vapor space above the liquid level. A floating roof is considered a safety requirement as well as a pollution prevention measure for many industries including petroleum refining.
In the United States, metal tanks in contact with soil and containing petroleum products should be protected from corrosion to prevent the release of products to the environment. The most effective and common corrosion control technique for steel in contact with the soil is cathodic protection. Outside the United States and in some locations in the United States, the foundation of tankers supported with sand tar mixture is often used. This type of foundation keeps the bottom plate of the tank free of water, thus preventing corrosion.
Maps Storage tank
For refinery
Tanks for selected liquids are selected according to the flash point of the substance. Generally in refineries and especially for liquid fuels, there is a fixed roof tank, and a floating roof tank.
- The roof tank is still intended for liquids with very high flash point, (eg, fuel oil, water, asphalt, etc.) Conical roof, dome roof, and regular umbrella roof. It is isolated to prevent the clogging of certain materials, in which heat is provided by a steam roll in the tank. Dome roof tanks are intended for tanks that have slightly higher storage pressures than atmospheres (eg slop oil).
- Floating roof tanks are broadly divided into external buoyancy tanks (usually called floating floating tanks: FR tank) and internal floating roof type (IFR Tanks).
IFR tanks are used for liquids with low flash point (eg, ATF, MS, gasoline, ethanol). These tanks are nothing more than a conical roof tank with floating roofs inside which move up and down along with liquid levels. This floating roof traps steam from low point fuel fuel. Floating roofs are supported with legs or wires where they rest. FR tank has no fixed roof (open at top) and only has a buoyant roof. Medium flame point liquids such as naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and crude oil are stored in this tank.
One common type found in mining areas is the type of open roof tank, usually for storing mud ore. This is the easiest storage tank to build.
Other classifications that can be made to storage tanks are based on their location at the refinery:
- COT-age crude oil tank
- PIT- products and intermediary storage tanks
- DISPATCH- tank the sending area
- UTILITIES tank - made in power plant area, for water storage etc.
- OSBL tank - the first 3 types are below the limit limit battery
- ISBL tanks - these are typically mini-tanks found in refinery production units (such as neutralization tanks, water tanks etc.)
Since the fuel flame points are very low, the tank is usually spherical (known as a ball), storing LPG toms, hydrogen, hexane, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.
Other types of tanks
Atmosphere
The atmospheric tank is a container for holding liquid at atmospheric pressure. The main design codes for welded atmospheric tanks are API 650 and API 620. The 653 API is used for in-service storage tank analysis. In Europe, the design code is EN14015 using load case from Eurocode 3 (EN 1993), section 4-2.
High pressure
In the case of a liquid gas such as hydrogen or chlorine, or compressed gases such as compressed natural gas or MAPP, a storage tank must be made to withstand the enormous pressure imparted by its contents. These tanks can be called cylinders and, being pressure vessels, are occasionally removed from the "tank" class.
Thermal storage tank
One form of seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) is the use of large surface water tanks that are isolated and then covered with an earth embankment to allow year-round thermal sun-heat collected primarily in summer for year-round heating.. The related technology has been widespread in the Danish district heating system. Thermal storage media are gravel and water in large, shallow, lined holes that are covered with insulation, soil and grass.
Ice and slush tanks are used for cold short runs for use in air conditioning, allowing cooling equipment to run at night when electricity is cheaper, but providing cooling during hot daytime hours.
Milk tank
In dairy farms, bulk dairy refrigeration tanks are large storage tanks to cool and hold milk at cold temperatures until it can be taken by milk hauler. Since milk leaves the udder at about 35Ã, ° C and maintains natural resistance to bacteria after extraction, the milk tank is used for rapid cooling to a storage temperature of about 4 Ã,  ° C to 6Ã, ° C, and prevents further growth of microorganisms.. The bulk milk cooler tank is an important dairy farm equipment. Usually made of stainless steels and used daily to store raw milk in farms in good condition. It should be cleaned after every milk collection. The milk cooler tank may belong to the farmer or leased to the farmer by the dairy factory.
Septic tank
Septic tanks are part of a small-scale sewage treatment system that is often referred to as a septic system. Septic systems are commonly used to treat wastewater from homes and small businesses in rural and suburban areas. It consists of a tank and a septic disposal field. Wastewater into the tanks where solids can settle and waste disposal. Anaerobic digestion occurs in settled solids, reducing the volume of solids. Water released by the system is usually absorbed by the drain field without the need for further treatment.
Mobile "storage" tanks
Although not entirely a "storage tank", the mobile tank shares many of the same features of the storage tank. Also, they should be designed to handle heavy spill loads and the risk of collisions or other accidents. Some of these include marine oil tankers and LNG carriers; rail tank car; and tanker highway and highway. Also includes a retaining tank which is a tank that stores toilet waste on RVs and boats.
Construction materials
While steel and concrete remain one of the most popular choices for tanks, glass-reinforced plastics, thermoplastics and polyethylene tanks are increasingly popular. They offer lower development costs and greater chemical resistance, especially for the storage of specialty chemicals. There are several relevant standards, such as British Standard 4994 (1989), DVS (German Welding Institute) 2205, and ASME (RTP-1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers) providing advice on wall thickness, quality control procedures, testing procedures, accreditation, fabrication and final product design criteria.
Damage tank
There are many major catastrophic storage tanks, one of the most famous that occurred in Boston Massachusetts USA on January 14, 1919. The large tank was only filled eight times when it failed, and the resulting molasses waves killed 21 people. surrounding. Boston's molasses storms are caused by poor design and construction, with walls too thin to withstand repetitive loads from their contents. The tank has never been tested before use by filling it with water, and also not fixated. The tanker owner, US Alcohol Industry Company, paid $ 300,000 (nearly $ 4 million in 2012) in compensation to the victims or their families.
There have been many other accidents caused by tanks since then, often caused by faulty welding or with sub-standard steels. The new discovery has at least corrected some of the more common problems surrounding the tank seal. However, the storage tank also presents another, surprisingly, empty issue. If they have been used to hold oil or petroleum products such as gasoline, the atmosphere in the tank may be very explosive as the space fills with hydrocarbons. If new welding operations begin, then sparks can easily ignite the contents, with damaging results for the welders. The problem is similar to empty bunkers on tankers, which are now required to use an inert gas blanket to prevent the explosive atmosphere from building up residues.
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Etymology
The word "tank" originally meant "artificial lake" and originated in India, possibly through the Portuguese tanque . Maybe it has something to do with:
- Some Indian words are similar to "tak" or "tank" and mean "water container". In Sanskrit the pool of reservoirs or reservoirs is called tadaka . Gujarati talao means "artificial lake". The use of this word is included in English.
- Arabic verb istanqa`a ???????????? = "it [ie some liquid] is collected and becomes stagnant".
See also
- Aquarium, also known as "fish tank"
- Ballast tank
- Chemical tank
- Drop tank, in flight
- Garbage tank
- External floating roof tiles
- The roof tank is fixed
- Fuel tank
- Irrigation tank, in India, artificial lake or reservoir of any size
- Insulation tank
- Rainwater tank
- Rotating tanks, used for fluid mechanics experiments
- Scuba tank a container that stores air supply for underwater breathing
- Stock tank, for watering cattle
- Temple tank, in India, a well or reservoir built as part of the temple complex
- Underground storage tank
- Water tank
References
- Philip E. Myers (1997). Grounding Storage Tank . McGraw-Hill Education. ASINÃ, 007044272X. ISBN: 978-0-07-044272-6. < span> CS1 maint: ASIN using ISBN (link)
- Research on "Plastic Chemical Tanks" by Mech Group, examples of Plastic Cylinder tanks (plastic-polyethylene-tanks) published by Justin Roberts
External links
- Popular Storage Tank Videos
- Water Tank Cleaning in Karachi
- Use of storage tanks and vessels in Oil & amp; Gas industry
- Federal Listing Code - Title CFR 21 Section 129 This information is quoted from the Federal Register Code, US Government documents, published as part of the Federal Register, these are government regulations and water tank design guidelines and suggestions for installation. This data is found gradually in CFR.
- Plastic tank damage
- Storage tank for meal level app suggestions. FDA Best Practices for Tank Handling.
- Storage Tank Atmosfer (API 650 and API 653) Calculations
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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