Offshore oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico is the main source of oil and natural gas in the United States. The western and central Mexican bays, which cover offshore Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, are one of the major oil producing regions in the United States. Oil production from US federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico reaches an annual high of 1.65 million barrels per day by 2017. Oil production is expected to continue to increase in 2018 and 2019, based on ten new planned oil fields. to start production in those years. According to the Energy Information Administration, "the US federal offshore oil production account of 17% of total US crude oil production and offshore federal natural gas production in the Gulf accounted for 5% of total US dry production."
Key areas include the Eugene Island 330 oil field, the Atlantis Oilfield, and the Tiber oil field (found in 2009). Famous oil platforms include Baldpate, Bullwinkle, Mad Dog, Magnolia, Mars, Petronius, and Thunder Horse. Notable individual wells include Jack 2 and Knotty Head.
Video Offshore oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico (United States)
History of Gulf oil production
As technology advances over the years, oil companies have extended drilling and production further and further from shore, and into deeper and deeper waters. In 1937, Superior Oil of California and Pure Oil built the platform more than a mile from shore at a depth of 13 feet. A year later, Humble Oil built a one-mile-long wooden bridge with a railway to the sea at McFadden Beach in the Gulf of Mexico, placing a crane at the end - it was then destroyed by a storm. A platform was installed at a depth of 100 feet for the first time in 1955; at two hundred feet of water in 1962; and in thousands of feet of water in 1979. "In 1970, the technology was there to drill 2,000 feet of water and exploratory drilling actually took place at 1,400 feet." In 2009, more than 70% of Gulf of Mexico oil production came from wells drilled at depths of more than 1,000 feet (300 m), almost double the percentage ten years ago.
The depth of the deepest water where the invention has been made is 9.975 feet (3,040 m), at Lloyd Ridge 370 (Diamond).
The federal government has not allowed drilling in federal waters in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, which includes offshore Florida and parts of offshore Alabama, since 1995. In March 2010, President Barack Obama announced plans to allow drilling in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, in federal waters larger than 125 miles (201 km) from the beaches of Alabama and Florida. In December 2010, following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the Obama administration reversed its plans to open the eastern Gulf, and imposed a new drilling moratorium on the eastern Gulf of Mexico for at least seven years.
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as BP oil spill , BP oil disaster , Oil spill The Gulf of Mexico, and the explosion of Macondo ) began on April 20, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico on the Macondo Prospect operated by BP. Killing eleven people, it is considered the largest oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and is estimated to be 8% to 31% larger than the previous volume, Ixtoc I oil spill. Maps Offshore oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico (United States)
Production
In 2012, federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in 463 million barrels (73.6 ÃÆ'â € " 10 6 Ã, m 3 ) from oil, which accounts for 19.5% of all US oil production that year, and more than that of any US state other than Texas. The 2012 production is less than 570 million barrels (91 ÃÆ'â € 10 6 Ã, m 3 ) in 2009; however, due to new discoveries in the water, the US Marine Energy Management Bureau, Regulation and Enforcement Project that oil production from the Gulf of Mexico will increase to 686 million barrels (109.1 ÃÆ'â € 10 6 m 3 ) per year before 2013.
Louisiana
The state of Louisiana issued its first offshore oil and gas lease in 1936, and the following year the Pure Oil Company invented the first Louisiana offshore oilfield, Creole Field, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) from the coast of Cameron Parish, from a platform built on top of the buildup wood at a depth of 10 to 15 feet (3.0 to 4.6 m) of water. Currently, there are over 4,000 production platforms and drilling rigs off the coast of Louisiana.
Texas
The first offshore wells in Texas were drilled in 1938, but the first oil discovery was not done until 1941, outside of Jefferson County. Throughout 2007, the waters of the state of Texas have produced 39 million barrels (6,2 ÃÆ'â € " 10 < soup> 6 x 3 ) from oil and 4.0 trillion cubic feet (110 km 3 ). In 2007, the waters of the state of Texas produced 600,000 barrels (95,000 m 3 ) of oil and condensate and gas 26 billion cubic feet (0.74 km 3 ).
Alabama
The first oil test off the coast of Alabama was made at Mobile Bay in 1951. The first discovery in the waters offshore state of Alabama was made in 1979. In 2005 a total of 80 wells had been drilled in state water, and production in the water state of Alabama was provided. 154 billion cubic feet (4.4 km 3 ) per year, half the country's gas production.
Florida
The eastern Gulf of Mexico, which covers off the Gulf Coast of Florida, has never been an oil producing region. From the 1950s to the 1990s, oil companies drilled exploration wells off the Gulf of Florida. Nineteen wells were drilled in state waters, and forty were drilled in federal waters.
Gulf Oil drilled the first Florida offshore oil exploration well in 1947, in the waters of the Gulf of Florida state south of Cape Sable, Monroe County. In 1956 Humble Oil drilled an exploration well in the state waters of Pensacola Bay, Santa Rosa County. In 1959, Gulf Oil drilled the first Florida offshore well drilled from an offshore platform, off the Florida Keys. All wells drilled in state waters are dry holes.
The first federal rental sale off the coast of Florida was in 1959. In the 1980s the state of Florida objected to the sale of further federal leases off the coast of Florida, and the latter was held in 1985. Due to state objections, the federal government agreed to pay $ 200 million to nine oil companies to buy back rent south 26 degrees north latitude.
In the 1970s and early 1980s, oil companies drilled 16 wells in and around Destin Dome, in federal waters off the Florida Panhandle; nothing works. Then from 1987 to 1995 Chevron made the discovery of commercial gas at Destin Dome 25 miles (40 km) offshore. This discovery expands Norphlet's productive trend, which is highly productive in the waters of the state of Alabama at Mobile Bay. However, the state of Florida objected to the plan to generate deposits, and in May 2002, the US government agreed to buy back 7 rents from Chevron, Conoco and Murphy Oil for $ 115 million.
In 1947, the state of Florida issued long-term oil and gas rents to state waters in the Gulf, stretching from Apalachicola Bay north to Naples in the south. The lease, now belonging to Coastal Petroleum, was renegotiated in 1975 to leave the Coast with partial rights from 0-7.4 miles (0.0-11.9 km) from the coast, and full rights to state waters from the 7.4- 10.4 miles (11.9 - 16.7 km) from the beach. Florida has since banned offshore drilling in state waters, and has long-standing legal disputes with Coastal Coastal efforts to drill offshore leases.
Florida banned drilling in state waters in 1992, and also opposed additional drilling in federal waters in Florida. However, in April 2009 three committees from the Florida Representative Council approved a bill that would allow offshore drilling in state waters over 3 miles (4.8 km) from the coast. As the country's waters reach only 3 miles (4.8 km) from the beach on the east coast of Florida, the law will only affect the state waters on the state's Gulf coast, where state waters extend to 10.5 kilometers of state- (16.9 km). ) from the beach. The bill was passed Florida House in April 2009, but died soon after in the Florida Senate.
Natural gas hydrates
Natural gas hydrates have long been known to exist in sediments beneath the Gulf of Mexico. In May 2009, the US Geological Survey announced the discovery of a thick natural gas hydrate deposit under the Gulf of Mexico that can be recovered by today's technology. To date, natural gas from hydrate has not been produced from the Gulf of Mexico.
See also
- Deepwater Horizon explosion
- The Deepwater Horizon oil Spill
- Offshore oil and gas in the United States
- Offshore drilling
- The oil platform
- Rigs-to-Reefs
- offshore drilling debate
References
External links
- Map of wells drilled in federal waters, Gulf of Mexico
- Christopher D. French and Christopher J. Schenk, (1997) Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Field, and Geological Provinces of the Gulf of Mexico , US Geological Survey, OpenR File Report OFR 97- 470-L, PDF file, downloaded on January 24, 2010.
- Mineral Management Services, Active lease map and infrastructure, PDF files.
- map of oil and gas infrastructure at GOM
- The marine management website bureau
- Interactive map of oil and gas platform and pipeline in GOM
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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